NMS. Surgery

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Contents 3 Postoperative Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Kerri Lopez and Kimberly Lumpkins Drains and Tubes 54

Postoperative Complications 56 Review Questions for Part I 60 Answers and Explanations 67

Part II: Thoracic Disorders

4 Principles of Thoracic Surgery. . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Tara Talaie, Laura DiChiacchio and Whitney Burrows General Principles of Thoracic Surgery 74 Chest Wall Disorders 80 Pleural and Pleural Space Disorders 81 Pulmonary Infections 82 Solitary Pulmonary Nodules (Coin Lesions) 83 Bronchogenic Carcinoma 83 Bronchial Adenomas 87

Metastatic Tumor 88 Tracheal Disorders 88 Mediastinal Lesions 89

5 Cardiac Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Laura DiChiacchio, A. Claire Watkins and James S. Gammie Anatomy and General Principles 92

Aortic Valve Stenosis 95 Aortic Insufficiency 96 Mitral Stenosis 97 Mitral Insufficiency 98 Tricuspid Stenosis and Insufficiency 100 Pulmonic Valve Disease 101 Coronary Artery Disease 102 Cardiac Tumors 104 Pericardial Disorders 105 Patent Ductus Arteriosus 106 Atrial Septal Defects 106 Ventricular Septal Defects 108 Tetralogy of Fallot 109 Transposition of the Great Arteries 111