NMS. Surgery

Contents

Foreword vi Preface vii Contributors viii

Part I: Foundations

1 Principles of Surgical Physiology. . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Ace St. John, Matthew Lissauer and Helena Crowley Fluid and Electrolytes 2 Acid–Base Disturbances 11 Coagulation 13 Packed Red Blood Cell Transfusion Therapy 16 Nutrition and the Surgical Patient 18 The Intensive Care Unit 24 Shock 30 2 Preoperative Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Silke V. Niederhaus General Principles for Evaluation and Management of the Surgical Patient 35

Prevention of Cardiac Complications 38 Prevention of Perioperative Infection 41 Prevention of Bleeding Complications 43 Prevention of Thromboembolic Disease 44 Prevention of Pulmonary Complications 45 Prevention of Renal Complications 47 Prevention of Hepatic Complications 50

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