Trastornos renales e hidroelectrolíticos

136

Trastornos renales e hidroelectrolíticos

54. Lawson NW,Butler CH III,Ray CT.Alkalosis and cardiac arrhythmias. Anesthesiol Analg (Paris) .1973;52:951–962. 55. NeillWA,Pantley GA,NakomchaiV.Respiratory alkale- mia during exercise reduces angina threshold. Chest . 1981;80:144–153. 56. Weber S, Cabanes L, Simon J-C, et al. Systemic alkalo- sis as a provocative test for coronary artery spasm in patients with infrequent resting chest pain. Am Heart J . 1988;115:54–59. 57. Yakaitis RW, Cooke JE, Redding JS. Reevaluation of relationships of hyperkalemia and PCO 2 to cardiac arrhythmias during mechanical ventilation. Anesthesiol Analg (Paris) . 1971;50:368–373. 58. Krapf R, Caduff P, Wagdi P, et al. Plasma potassium response to acute respiratory alkalosis. Kidney Int . 1995;47:217–224. 59. Knochel JP. The pathophysiology and clinical charac- teristics of severe hypophosphatemia. Arch Intern Med . 1977;137:203–220. 60. Mostellar ME, Tuttle EP Jr. The effects of alkalosis on plasma concentration and urinary excretion of inorganic phosphate in man. J Clin Invest . 1964;43:138–149. 61. Paleologos M,Stone E,Braude S.Persistent,progressive, hypophosphatemia after voluntary hyperventilation. Clin Sci . 2000;98:619–625. 62. Mazzara JT,Ayres SM, GraceWJ. Extreme hypocapnia in the critically ill patient. Am J Med . 1974;56:450–456. 63. Mountain RD, Heffner JE, Brackett NC Jr, et al.Acid- base disturbances in acute asthma. Chest . 1990;98: 651–655. 64. Adrogue HJ andMadias NE.Management of life-threatening acid-base disorders. N Eng J Med . 1998;338:107–111. 65. Record CO, Iles RA, Cohen RD, et al. Acid-base and metabolic disturbances in fulminant hepatic failure. Gut . 1975;16:144–149. 66. Lange PA, Stoller JK.The hepatopulmonary syndrome. Ann Intern Med . 1995;122:521–529. 67. Wolfe JD, Tashkin DP, Holly FE, et al. Hypoxemia of cirrhosis: detection of abnormal small pulmonary vas- cular channels by a quantitative radionuclide method. Am J Med . 1977;63:746–754. 68. Wilder CE,Morrison RS,Tyler JM.Relationship between serum sodium and hyperventilation in cirrhosis. AmRev Respir Dis . 1967;96:971–976. 69. Wichser J, Kazemi H. Ammonia and ventilation: site and mechanism of action. Respir Physiol . 1974;20: 393–406. 70. Simmons DH,Nicoloff J,Guze LB.Hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis as signs of gram-negative bacteremia. JAMA . 1960;174:2196–2199. 71. Trimble C, Smith DE, Rosenthal MH, et al. Pathophysi- ologic role of hypocarbia in post-traumatic pulmonary insufficiency. Am J Surg . 1971;122:633–638. 72. Kraut JA,Madias NE.Approach to patients with acid-base disorders. Respir Care . 2001;46:392–403. 73. Bear R, Goldstein M, Phillipson E, et al. Effect of metabolic alkalosis on respiratory function in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. Can Med Assoc J . 1977;117:900–903. 74. Yip L, Dart RC, Gabow PA. Concepts and controver- sies in salicylate toxicity. Emerg Med Clin North Am . 1994;12:351–364.

32. GoldsteinMB,Gennari FJ,SchwartzWB.The influence of graded degrees of chronic hypercapnia on the acute carbon dioxide titration curve. J Clin Invest . 1971;50:208–216. 33. Ingram RJ Jr, Miller RB, Tate LA. Acid-base response to acute carbon dioxide changes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AmRev Respir Dis .1973;108:225–231. 34. Arbus GS,Hebert LA,Levesque PR,et al.Characterization and clinical application of the“significance band”for acute respiratory alkalosis. N Engl J Med . 1969;280:117–123. 35. Madias,NE.Renal acidification responses to respiratory acid-base disorders. J Nephrol . 2010;23:S85–S91. 36. Gennari FJ, GoldsteinMB, SchwartzWB.The nature of the renal adaptation to chronic hypocapnia. J Clin Invest . 1972;51:1722–1730. 37. Gledhill N, Beirne GJ, Dempsey JA. Renal response to short-termhypocapnia inman. Kidney Int .1975;8:376–386. 38. Krapf R, Beeler I, Hertner D, et al. Chronic respiratory alkalosis: the effect of sustained hyperventilation on renal regulation of acid-base equilibrium. N Engl J Med . 1991;324:1394–1401. 39. Cohen JJ,Madias NE,Wolf CJ,et al.Regulation of acid-base equilibrium in chronic hypocapnia: evidence that the response of the kidney is not geared to the defense of extracellular [H + ]. J Clin Invest . 1976;57:1483–1489. 40. Hilden SA, Johns CA, Madias NE.Adaptation of rabbit renal cortical Na + −H + exchange activity in chronic hypocapnia. Am J Physiol . 1989;257:F615–F622. 41. Forster HV, Dempsey JA, Chosy LW. Incomplete com­ pensation of CSF [H + ] in man during acclimatization to high altitude (4300 m). J Appl Physiol .1975;38:1067–1072. 42. Grocott MPW, Martin DS, Levett DZH, et al. Arterial blood gases and oxygen content in climbers on Mount Everest. N Engl J Med . 2009;360:140–149. 43. Severinghaus JW,Mitchell RA,Richardson BW,et al.Respi- ratory control at high altitude suggesting active transport regulation of CSF pH. J Appl Physiol .1963;18:1155–1166. 44. Chiodi H.Respiratory adaptations to chronic high altitude hypoxia. J Appl Physiol . 1957;10:81–87. 45. Dill DB, Talbott JH, Consolazio WV. Blood as a phys- iochemical system. XII. Man at high altitudes. J Biol Chem . 1937;118:649–666. 46. Lahiri S,Milledge JS.Acid-base in Sherpa altitude residents and lowlanders at 4880m. Respir Physiol .1967;2:323–334. 47. Edmondson JW, Brashear RE, Li T. Tetany: quantitative interrelationships between calcium and alkalosis. Am J Physiol . 1975;228:1082–1086. 48. Kilburn KH. Shock, seizures, and coma with alkalosis during mechanical ventilation. Ann Intern Med . 1966; 65:977–984. 49. Arnow PM, Panwalker A, Garvin JS, et al. Aspirin, hyperventilation,and cerebellar infarction in sickle cell disease. Arch Intern Med . 1978;138:148–149. 50. Ayres SM, Grace WJ. Inappropriate ventilation and hypoxemia as causes of cardiac arrhythmias: the control of arrhythmias without antiarrhythmic drugs. Am J Med . 1969;46:495–505. 51. Kety SS, Schmidt CF.The effects of altered arterial ten- sions of carbon dioxide and oxygen on cerebral blood flow and cerebral oxygen consumption of normal young men. J Clin Invest . 1948;27:484–491. 52. Protass LM.Possible precipitation of cerebral thrombosis in sickle-cell anemia by hyperventilation. Ann Intern Med . 1973;79:451. 53. Jacobs WF, Battle WE, Ronan JA Jr. False-positive ST–T-wave changes secondary to hyperventilation and exercise: a cineangiographic correlation. Ann Intern Med . 1974;81:479–482.

75. Kraut JA,Nagami GT.The serum anion gap in the evalu- ation of acid-base disorders: what are its limitations and can its effectiveness be improved. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol . 2013;8:2018–2024. AMPLE

Made with FlippingBook - Online Brochure Maker