Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology, 4e

1220

Index

Superficial basal cell carcinoma, 1176 Superficial mycoses, 305 Superficial spreading melanoma, 1175 Superior vena cava syndrome, 554 Supernormal excitatory period, 389 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), 40–41 Supplementary motor cortex, 842, 843 f Suppression tests, for endocrine function, 764 Suppurative exudates, 60 Supratentorial herniations, of brain, 920, 921 f –922 f , 922 Surface tension, in lung compli- ance, 523–524, 523 f Surfactant, 518, 519 f , 523–524, 523 f RDS and, 557–558, 557 f Surgery for cancer, 149 for infections, 315 for pain, 868 Sustained fever, 65–66, 66 f SVA neurons. See Special visceral afferent neurons Swallowing, 681, 684 f disorders of, 697 Swallowing center, 681, 684 f Swan neck deformity, 1120 Sweat glands, 1146–1147 Sweat test, for cystic fibrosis, 584–585 Swelling, cellular, 42 Sympathetic nervous system, 848–850, 849 t , 849 f in bladder control, 658–659, 659 f in gastrointestinal system, 680–682, 682 f –683 f heart failure and, 489–490 neurotransmission in, 850–851, 851 f Symporters, 13, 14 f Symptomatology, 309 Synapses, 27 transmission at, 826–829, 828 f –829 f Synaptic vesicles, 826–827 Synarthroses, 1074 Syncytium, 383 Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), 171 Syndrome X. See Metabolic syndrome Syngeneic graft, 353 Synovial fluid, 1074 Synovial joints, 1074–1076, 1074 f –1075 f Syphilis, 303, 1059–1061, 1059 f –1060 f Systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease, 1119–1125, 1119 f , 1121 f , 1122 c , 1124 f Systemic circulation, 375–376, 376 f , 394–400 Systemic immune complex disor- ders, 349–350

Systemic inflammation acute-phase response, 62–63 fever, 63–68, 63 f , 64 f , 64 t , 66 f Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, 63 Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 1123–1125, 1124 f glomerulonephritis with, 627 Systemic sclerosis, 1125 Systole, 390, 391 f Systolic pressure, 420, 420 f , 422, 422 f Tactile sensation, 860 Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, 471 Tall stature, 773 Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein, 615 Target organ damage, with hypertension, 428 c , 428–429, 431 c Tay-Sachs disease, 6, 34, 111 Tazarotene, for psoriasis, 1165 TB. See Tuberculosis TBW. See Total body water T-cell receptor (TCR), 333, 334 f –336 f , 338 f –339 f T cells, 52 TCR. See T-cell receptor Telangiectases, 1181 Telogen follicles, 1147 Telomerase, 45 Telomeres, 45 Temperature body, regulation of, 63–65, 63 f , 64 f , 64 t cellular injury from, 36 Temperature regulation, disrup- tion of, with spinal cord injury, 912 Temporal lobe, 842–843, 843 f Temporomandibular joint pain, 875 Tendons, 1074–1075, 1079 Tendon sheaths, 1075–1076 Teniae coli, 711 Tension pneumothorax, 570, 570 f Tension-type headache, 874 Tentorium cerebelli, 844, 844 f Teratogenic agents, 120–123, 122 c Teriparatide, 1115 Terminal cisternae, 24 f , 25 Terry nails, 649 Testes, 994, 994 f , 1002–1003, 1002 f –1003 f cancer of, 1007 disorders of, 1003–1006, 1003 f –1004 f torsion of, 1004–1005, 1004 f tunica disorders, 1003–1004, 1003 f undescended, 1012–1013, 1013 f Testosterone, 994–995, 995 c , 1014 Tethering, in inflammatory response, 55–56 Tetralogy of Fallot, 476 f , 479 Tetraplegia, 887, 887 f Thalassemias, 286 α -Thalassemias, 286 β -Thalassemias, 286 Theophylline, for asthma, 577

Thermal injury, 1168–1171, 1169 t classification of, 1168–1169, 1169 t systemic complications of, 1169–1170 treatment of, 1170–1171 Thermal sensation, 859 Thermoregulatory center, 63 Thermostatic set point, 63 Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), 809 Third-degree burn, 1169 Third-space accumulation, 166–167 Thirst, 169, 176 disorders of, 169–170, 169 f Thoracic aneurysm, 418 Threshold potential, 825–826, 826 f Thromboangiitis obliterans, 415–416, 416 f Thrombocytes. See Platelets Thrombocytopathia, 271–272 Thrombocytopenia, 269–271, 270 f , 742 Thrombocytosis, 268 Thrombophlebitis, 750 Thrombopoietin, 262 Thrombotic microangiopathies, 271 Thrombotic stroke, 933–934 Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), 271 Thymic hypoplasia, 361, 361 f Thymic selection, 322 Thymine, in DNA, 88 Thyrocalcitonin. See Calcitonin Thyroglobulin, 776 Thyroid gland disorders of, 778–783, 778 t hyperthyroidism, 778 t , 781–783, 782 f hypothyroidism, 778 t , 779–781, 779 f , 781 f function tests for, 778 hormones of, 776–778 structure and function of, 775–778, 776 f –777 f Thyroid storm, 783 TIAs. See Transient ischemic attacks Tibial torsion, 1099 f , 1100 Tibia vara, 1100–1101, 1101 f Tic douloureux. See Trigeminal neuralgia Tidal volume (TV), 525–526, 526 f TIIV. See Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine Tinea capitis, 1154, 1155 f Tinea corporis, 1154, 1154 f Tinea faciale, 1154 Tinea manus, 1155 Tinea pedis, 1155, 1155 f Tinea unguium, 1155–1156, 1155 f Tinel sign, 893 Tinnitus, 980–981 Tissue, 1, 17, 20–29 connective. See Connective tissue embryonic origin of, 17, 20, 20 t , 21 f epithelial. See Epithelial tissue

extracellular components of, 27–29 muscle. See Muscle tissue nervous. See Nervous tissue oxygen dissociation in, 533–534, 533 f proliferative capacity of, 73 repair of, 71 turgor of, 172, 173 f Tissue regeneration, 78, 78 f cutaneous, 79–81, 80 f –83 f factors affecting, 81, 83–84 phases of, 78–79, 79 f TLC. See Total lung capacity TLRs. See Toll-like receptors T lymphocytes, 243 f , 244 in adaptive immunity, 332–333, 333 f –334 f breakdown of anergy, 356 cell-mediated immunity and, 338–340, 338 f –339 f differentiation of, 242, 242 f immunodeficiency disorders of, 360–361 in innate immunity, 319 f , 320–322 tolerance to, 355–356, 355 f TNF. See Tumor necrosis factor TNF- α . See Tumor necrosis factor- α Toenails, 1147–1148, 1147 f Tolerable Upper Intake level, 225 Tolerance, in immunity, 340 Toll-like receptors (TLRs), 327, 327 t Tonic-clonic seizures, 946 Tonicity, 162, 162 f Tonic movements, of gastrointes- tinal system, 680 Tonic seizures, 946–947 Tophi, 1131, 1132 f Torsional deformities, of limbs, 1098–1100, 1098 f –1100 f Total body water (TBW), 167–168, 168 f Total lung capacity (TLC), 526, 526 f , 526 t in emphysema, 578 Total peripheral vascular resis- tance, 378 Totipotent stem cells, 73 Toxic epidermal necrolysis, 1163 Toxins, 307–308, 308 t neuromuscular junction disor- der, 890–891 Toxoplasmosis, 368 Trabeculae, 661 Trachea, 515–516, 516 f Tracheobronchial airways, 515–517 Traction retinal detachment, 965 Transcellular compartment, 163 Transcription, RNA in, 91–92, 92 f –94 f Transcription factors, 94 Transferrin, 279, 279 f Transfer RNA (tRNA), 3 structure and function of, 91 Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs), 933 Transient left ventricular apical ballooning. See Takotsubo cardiomyopathy Transitional epithelium, 22, 22 f