Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology, 4e

1218

Index

Rheumatic disorders ( Continued ) in elderly, 1135–1136 osteoarthritis, 1128–1131, 1129 f , 1130 t , 1135 seronegative spondyloar- thropathies, 1125–1128, 1126 f –1127 f systemic autoimmune, 1119–1125, 1119 f , 1121 f , 1122 c , 1124 f Rheumatic fever (RF), 458–460 Rheumatic heart disease (RHD), 458–460 Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 1119–1123, 1119 f , 1121 f , 1122 c , 1135 Rheumatoid factor (RF), 1120 Rhinitis, 540 Rhinophyma, 1161, 1161 f Rhinosinusitis, 540–542, 541 f Rhinovirus, 541 Rhythmic movements, of gastro- intestinal system, 680 Ribonucleic acid. See RNA Ribosomal RNA (rRNA), 3 structure and function of, 91 Ribosomes, 4, 4 f , 8 Rickets, 1115–1117, 1117 f Rickettsiaceae, 303–304 Right ventricular heart failure, 492 f , 493 Ring formation, in chromosome, 115, 116 f RMP. See Resting membrane potential RNA in protein synthesis, 89–90 structure and function of, 91 synthesis of, 3 transcription, 91–92, 92 f –94 f translation, 93–94 RNA interference (RNAi), 103 f RNA polymerases, 91, 93 f RNA sequencing, for infection diagnosis, 312–313, 313 f Robertsonian translocation, in chromosome, 115, 116 f Romberg test, 988 ROS. See Reactive oxygen species Rosacea, 1161, 1161 f Roseola infantum, 1179 Rotational testing, 988 Rotator cuff, injuries to, 1080– 1081, 1081 f Rotavirus, 710 Rough ER, 4–5, 4 f , 8 rRNA. See Ribosomal RNA Rubella, 1179, 1179 f Rubeola, 1179–1180, 1179 f SA. See Sinoatrial SAA. See Serum amyloid A protein Saccular aneurysm, 417 Salivary secretions, 686, 686 t Saltatory conduction, 823 Sanger sequencing, 313–314, 314 f San Joaquin fever, 551 SA node. See Sinoatrial node Saprophytes, 298 Ruffini corpuscles, 1145 Ruffini end-organs, 858 RV. See Residual volume

Sarcoidosis, 587–588 Sarcoma, 130, 131 t Sarcomeres, 24 f , 25, 382 Sarcoplasm, 25 Sarcoplasmic reticulum, 24 f , 25 Satellite cells, 27, 824 Satellites, 97 Satiety, 227–228, 227 f Sausage digit, 1128 Scar formation, 78–80 Scavenger receptors, 327 Schwann cells, 27, 823 SCI. See Spinal cord injury Sciatica, 896–897 SCID. See Severe combined immunodeficiency SCLCs. See Small cell lung cancers Scleroderma, 1125 Sclerosing adenosis, 1043 Scoliosis, congenital, 1106–1107, 1106 f Scotopic vision, 962 Scrapie, 298 Scrotum, 1002–1003, 1002 f –1003 f cancer of, 1005–1006 disorders of, 1003–1006, 1003 f –1004 f Sebaceous glands, 1146–1147 Seborrheic keratosis, 1181 Secondary active transport, 15, 604, 605 f Secondary diabetes, 803–804 Secondary intention, in wound healing, 79–80, 80 f Second-degree burn, 1168–1169 Secretin, 688 t , 689 Secretions, of gastrointestinal system, 686–688, 686 t , 687 f Segmental demyelination, 892 Segmentation waves, in small intestine, 684, 685 f Seizures, 945–948 classification of, 945 c , 945–947 diagnosis of, 947 provoked, 945 treatment for, 947 unprovoked, 945–947 Selectins, 29 in inflammation, 52 Selective estrogen receptor modu- lators (SERMs), 1114–1115 Self-renewal, 73 Semen, production of, 995–996, 995 f –996 f Semiconservative replication, 88, 89 f Semilunar valves, 385–386, 386 f Seminal vesicles, 994 f , 996 Seminiferous tubules, 995, 995 f Senescence, 45–46, 46 f Senile purpura, 273 Sensation position, 859–860 tactile, 860 thermal, 859 Sensorineural hearing loss, 981 c , 982 Sensory systems, 854–858, 855 f Sensory unit, 855 Secretory diarrhea, 714 Secretory granules, 22

Sentinel node, 135 Sepsis, 501 c , 506–508, 507 f thermal injury and, 1170 Septal defects atrial, 476 f –477 f , 477 ventricular, 476 f , 477–478 Septic shock, 501 c , 506–508, 507 f Septum primum, 477 Septum secundum, 477 Sequestra, 1092 SERMs. See Selective estrogen receptor modulators Serology, for infection diagnosis, 312 Seronegative spondyloar- thropathies, 1125–1128, 1126 f –1127 f Serosal layer, in gastrointestinal system, 677–679, 678 f , 690 f Serotonin. See 5-Hydroxytryptamine Serous exudates, 60 Sertoli cells, 995, 995 f Serum amyloid A protein (SAA), 62–63 Serum bilirubin, 731 Serum biomarkers, in acute coro- nary syndromes, 449 Serum creatinine, 614, 614 f , 614 t Serum sickness, 349–350 Severe combined immunodefi- ciency (SCID), 361–362 Sex chromosomes, 95, 95 f . See also X-linked disorders numeric disorders of, 118–120 Sexual function CKD and, 645 f , 648–649 disruption in, with spinal cord injury, 911–912 Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), 1049 of external genitalia, 1050– 1053, 1050 f , 1052 f vaginal, 1054–1056, 1054 f , 1056 f vaginal-urogenital-systemic, 1056–1061, 1057 f –1060 f SGLTs. See Sodium glucose cotransporters Shingles. See Postherpetic neuralgia Shivering, for heat production, 64 Shock, 500 anaphylactic, 501 c , 502 f , 506 cardiogenic, 501 c , 502 f , 504–505 compensatory mechanisms of, 501 complications of, 508–509 distributive, 501 c , 502 f , 505–508 hypovolemic, 501 c , 501–504, 502 f –503 f neurogenic, 501 c , 502 f , 506 obstructive, 501 c , 502 f , 505 pathophysiology of, 500–501 septic, 501 c , 502 f , 506–508, 507 f types of, 501 c , 501–508, 502 f Short stature in children, 771 c , 771–773 idiopathic, 772

Shoulder, injuries to, 1080–1081, 1081 f Shunts in congenital heart disease, 474 in lungs, 529 portosystemic, 741–742, 741 f Shy-Drager syndrome, 435 SIADH. See Syndrome of inap- propriate antidiuretic hormone Sickle cell disease, 283–285, 284 f –285 f Silent myocardial infarction, 456 Simple diffusion, 14 Simple epithelium, 21, 22 f Single-gene disorders, 107, 107 t with atypical patterns of inheritance, 111 autosomal dominant, 107 t , 108–110, 108 f autosomal recessive, 107 t , 110–111, 110 f X-linked, 107 t , 111, 111 f Single-gene trait, 98 Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), 90, 101 Single-ventricle anatomy, 480, 480 f Sinoatrial (SA) node, 386, 387 f Sinusitis, 540 Skeletal muscle, 24–26, 24 f contraction of, 25–26, 25 f disorders of, 889–890, 889 f structure of, 24–25, 24 f Skeletal system. See also Bones; Cartilage disorders of in children, 1098–1107, 1098 f –1106 f , 1102 t congenital, 1101–1104, 1102 f –1104 f , 1102 t infections, 1091–1093, 1091 f metabolic, 1111–1118,

1112 c , 1114 f , 1117 f –1118 f neoplasms, 1094–1097, 1095 f –1096 f osteonecrosis, 1093 c , 1093–1094, 1093 f rheumatic, 1119–1136, 1119 f , 1121 f , 1122 c , 1124 f , 1126 f –1127 f , 1129 f , 1130 t , 1132 f traumatic, 1078–1090, 1080 f –1087 f , 1089 f ,

1089 t . See also Fractures

structures of, 1063–1073, 1064 f –1065 f , 1067 f , 1068 t –1069 t , 1070 f –1072 f Skin appendages, 1146–1148, 1147 f basement membrane zone, 1145–1146, 1146 f cancer of, 1174–1177. See also specific type dermis, 1142 f , 1144–1145 disorders of, 1148–1151 age-related, 1177–1181 allergic and hypersensitive, 1161–1164, 1162 f , 1164 f of dark skin, 1151, 1151 t dry, 1150–1151