Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology, 4e

1217

Index

Psychosocial factors, in adapta- tion, 214–215 PTH. See Parathyroid hormone PTSD. See Posttraumatic stress disorder Puberty, precocious, 775 Pudendal nerve, 658 Pulmonary angiography, for pulmonary embolism, 589 Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), 590–592, 591 f Pulmonary circulation, 375–376, 376 f , 518 f , 519 in congenital heart defects, 474 disorders of, 588 cor pulmonale, 592 pulmonary embolism, 588–590, 588 f pulmonary hypertension, 590–592, 591 f Pulmonary edema, 495–496 Pulmonary embolism, 588–590, 588 f Pulmonary function studies, 525–526, 526 t Pulmonary hypertension, 590–592, 591 f Pulmonary hypoplasia, 618 Pulmonary stenosis, 476 f , 478–479 Pulmonary ventilation. See Ventilation Pulmonic valves, 385–386, 386 f Pulse oximeter, 566–567 Pulse pressure, 420, 420 f Pulsus paradoxus, 466–467 Punnett square, 98, 99 f Pupillary reflexes, 928, 929 f Purine bases, in DNA, 88 Purkinje system, 387, 387 f Purulent exudates, 60 Pustular disorders, 1159–1161 Pustules, 1148, 1149 f PVC. See Premature ventricular complex PVR urine. See Postvoid residual urine Pyelonephritis, 628–629, 629 f –630 f Pyloric region, 677, 677 f Pyloric sphincter, 677, 677 f Pyogenes, 60 Pyogenic osteomyelitis, 1091– 1092, 1091 f Pyrexia. See Fever Pyrimidine bases, in DNA, 88 Pyrogenes, 65 Pyruvic acid, in energy metabo- lism, 9–10 Q fever, 304 Quadrantanopia, 970 Quadriplegia, 887, 887 f Quick-relief medications, for asthma, 576 RA. See Rheumatoid arthritis RAAS. See Renin-angiotensin- aldosterone system Radiation. See also Ultraviolet radiation cancer and, 143 cellular injury from, 37–38 in heat loss, 65

as teratogenic agent, 120–121 Radiation therapy, for cancer, 149–150 Ragged red fibers, 113 Raloxifene, 1115 RANKL. See Receptor activator of nuclear factor- k B legend Rapid filling period, in cardiac cycle, 391 Rapidly progressive glomerulone- phritis, 623–624, 624 f RAS. See Reticular activating system Rashes, 1148 Raynaud phenomenon, 416–417, 416 f RBC. See Red blood cell count RDA. See Recommended Dietary Allowance RDS. See Respiratory distress syndrome Reactive arthritis, 1127–1128, 1127 f Reactive hyperemia, 398 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) cellular injury caused by, 40–41 in inflammation, 59–60 in wound healing, 83 Receptor activator of nuclear factor- k B legend (RANKL), 1069, 1071, 1071 f Receptor-mediated endocytosis, 16 Receptors adrenergic, 851 f, 852 of cell membrane, 12–13, 12 f cholinergic, 851, 851 f for hormones, 758 c , 758–761 cell surface, 758–760, 760 f control of number and affinity, 758 insulin, 796–797, 797 f nuclear, 759, 761, 761 f neurotransmitters, 827–828, 828 f pain, 861–862 Recessive trait, 98, 107 Recombinant DNA technology, 101–103 Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), 225 Rectocele, 1034 f , 1035 Rectum, cancer of, 720–721 Recycling vesicles, 5, 5 f Red blood cell count (RBC), 281, 282 t Red blood cells, 277–278, 278 f age-related changes in in elderly, 293–294 in neonates, 291–293, 292 t laboratory tests for, 281, 282 f , 282 t life span and destruction of, 280–281, 281 f membrane of, inherited disor- ders of, 283–287 production of, 279–280, 280 f Redundancy, 323 Reed-Sternberg cells, 255–256, 256 f Referred pain, 864–865, 865 f Reflexes

spinal, 839–840, 882–885, 884 f , 888 with spinal cord injury, 908–910 stretch, 883–886, 884 f Reflux nephropathy, 629 Refraction disorders, 960–961, 960 f Refractory periods, in cardiac conduction system, 388–389, 389 f Regenerative medicine, 76 Regulatory T cells, 339 Regurgitation of aortic valve, 461 f , 464 mitral valve, 461 f , 462 Reiter syndrome, 1127, 1127 f Rejection Relapsing fever, 65–66, 66 f , 302 Relative refractory periods, 389, 389 f , 826 Relaxation, for stress, 218, 218 b Remittent fever, 65–66, 66 f Remodeling, bone, 1068–1071, 1070 f –1071 f , 1087–1088, 1087 f Remodeling phase, in wound healing, 81, 81 f , 83, 83 f Renal agenesis, 618 Renal calculi, 633–635, 633 t , 634 f Renal cell carcinoma, 636–637, 637 f Renal clearance, 614 Renal colic, 634–635 Renal corpuscle, 602–603, 602 f Renal cysts, 621 Renal dysplasia, 618 Renal failure acute. See Acute kidney injury chronic. See Chronic kidney disease Renal hypoplasia, 618 Renal osteodystrophy, 190 Renal rickets, 1115 Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), 169, 423 in blood pressure, 613 in heart failure, 490 stress response of, 211 Reperfusion, 450–451 Replicative senescence, 45 Repolarization, 826, 826 f Residual bodies, 5 f , 6 Residual volume (RV), 525–526 in asthma, 575 Resistance, in circulatory system, 378–379, 380 f Resistance stage, in GAS, 208 Resistance vessels, 420 Resolution stage, of infection, 310, 310 f Respiratory acidosis, 200–201, 201 t Respiratory airways, 517–520, 518 f Respiratory alkalosis, 201–202, 201 t Respiratory center, 535, 535 f Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) acute, 508, 524, 592–594, 593 c , 593 f infant, 524, 557–558, 557 f patterns of, 352–353 solid organ, 352–353

Respiratory failure, 594 c , 594–595 clinical features of, 595

hypercapnic/hypoxemic, 595 hypoxemic, 594 c , 594–595 impending, signs of, 561, 561 c Respiratory lobules, 518–519, 518 f –519 f Respiratory muscles, 521–522, 522 f with spinal cord injury, 910 Respiratory neurons, 535, 535 f Respiratory system in acid-base balance, 194 with deteriorating brain func- tion, 929 in heart failure, 494 structural organization of, 513–520, 514 f thermal injury and, 1170 Respiratory tissues, 514 f Respiratory tract infections, 539–552. See also specific infections in children, 555–561 with HIV, 367, 369 f in neonates, 557–559, 557 f , 560 t , 561 c Resting membrane potential (RMP), 16, 19, 178, 178 f , 825, 826 f Restless leg syndrome, 648 Restriction enzyme, 101 Restrictive cardiomyopathies, 470 Retching, 693–694, 694 f Reticular activating system (RAS), 835–836, 927–928, 927 f Reticular connective tissue, 23–24 Reticular dermis, 1145 Reticular fibers, 23–24, 28 Reticular formation, 835 Reticulate body, 303, 1057 Reticulocytes. See Red blood cells Reticuloendothelial cells. See Kupffer cells Retina, 961–963, 962 f blood supply to, 963, 963 f disorders of, 963–965, 964 f Retinal detachment, 965–966, 966 f Retinoblastoma genes, 137–138, 138 f Retinopathies, 963–965 diabetic, 816, 964–965, 964 f hypertensive, 965 Reuptake, 827 Reverse transcriptase, 299 Reverse transcriptase inhibitors, for HIV infection, 370 Reversible cell injury, 42, 42 f RF. See Rheumatic fever; Rheumatoid factor Rhabdomyolysis, 642 RHD. See Rheumatic heart disease Rhegmatogenous detachment, of retina, 965 Rheumatic carditis, 459 Rheumatic disorders

in children, 1133–1135 crystal-induced arthropa- thies, 1131–1133, 1132 f , 1135–1136

knee-jerk, 885, 885 f pupillary, 928, 929 f