Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology, 4e

1216

Index

Pilosebaceous unit, 1147 Pink puffers, 580 Pinocytosis, 15 Pinocytotic vesicle, 15

aspiration, 515 atypical, 544–545, 545 f , 547 classification of, 544–546, 545 f community-acquired, 545 hospital-acquired, 545–546 in immunocompromised per- sons, 546 with influenza, 543 Legionnaire disease, 547 pneumococcal, 546–547 typical, 544, 545 f , 546–547, 546 t Pneumonitis, hypersensitivity, 351 Pneumotaxic center, 535, 535 f Pneumothorax, 569–571 clinical features of, 570–571, 570 f spontaneous, 569–570, 569 f tension, 570, 570 f traumatic, 570 PNS. See Peripheral nervous system Podocytes, 602 f , 603, 621 Poly Ribosomes, 4, 94 Polyarteritis nodosa, 414, 414 t Polyarthritis, 459 Polycystic kidney diseases, 618–621, 619 f autosomal dominant, 619–620, 619 f autosomal recessive, 620 Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), 1035–1036 Polycythemia, 291 Polydactyly, 1101 Polydipsia, 170 Polygenic inheritance, 98 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 312–313, 313 f for HIV, 370 Polymorphism, 107 Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), 51, 51 f Polymyalgia rheumatica, 1136 Polyneuropathy, 893–894 Polyol pathway, 814 Polyps, adenomatous, 719–720, 720 f Polysaccharides, 28 Polysomes, 4 f Polysomy, 116 Pontine micturition center, 658, 659 f Portal circulation, 724–726 Portal hypertension, 740–742, 741 f –742 f Portosystemic shunts, 741–742, 741 f Port-wine stains, 1178, 1178 f Position sensation, 859–860 Postconcussion syndrome, 926 Postganglionic neurons, 848 Postherpetic neuralgia, 870, 1159 Post infection glomerulonephritis, 623, 623 f Postrenal failure, 640 c , 640 f , 641 Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 216–218 Postural hypotension, 911 Postvoid residual (PVR) urine, 660 Potassium balance of, 177

with CKD, 645–646, 645 f disorders of, 178–181, 178 f regulation of, 177, 177 f elimination of, regulation of, 611–612 Potassium/hydrogen exchange, 195 Potency, 73 Pott disease, 1092 Potter syndrome, 618 Prader-Willi syndrome, 111–112 Preadipocytes, 224 Precocious puberty, 775 Prediabetes, 800 Preeclampsia–eclampsia, 430–431 Preganglionic neurons, 848 Pregnancy gestational diabetes, 804–805 HIV in, 371 hypertension in, 430–431 urinary tract infections in, 669 Pregnancy-associated plasma pro- tein A (PAPP-A), for prenatal screening and diagnosis, 125 Preload, 392, 393 f , 487 Premature aging. See Progeria Premature ventricular complex (PVC), 389 Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), 1040 Premenstrual molimina, 1040 Premenstrual syndrome (PMS), 1039–1040 Prenatal diagnosis, 124 cytogenetic and biochemical assays, 126 invasive testing for, 125 f , 126 maternal serum markers for, 124–125 methods for, 124–126, 125 f non-invasive, 125 ultrasonography for, 124 Prerenal failure, 640 c , 640–641, 640 f Presbycusis, 983 Presbyopia, 961 Preserved ejection fraction heart failure, 492 Pressure, in circulatory system, 376–378, 377 f , 380 f Pressure diuresis, 424 Pressure natriuresis, 424 Pressure overload, in heart fail- ure, 491 Pressure ulcers, 1171–1172, 1171 f Priapism, 1001 Prickle cells, 1142–1143, 1143 f Prickly heat, 1178 Primary intention, in wound healing, 79–80, 80 f Primary motor cortex, 842, 843 f Primary somatosensory cortex, 858, 858 f Principal cells, 607 Prinzmetal angina, 456 Prions, 298–299, 298 t Prodromal stage, of infection, 310, 310 f Prodrome, 67 Proerythroblasts, 279, 280 f Progenitor cells, 72 Progeria, 46, 46 f

Progesterone, 1023 Programmed cell death. See Apoptosis Programmed theories, of cellular aging, 45 Progressive multifocal leukoen- cephalopathy (PML), 368 Prohormone, 755 Proinsulin, 795, 796 f Prolactin, 1021, 1042 Prolapse, mitral valve, 462–463, 462 f Proliferative phase neoplasms and, 129–130 in wound healing, 80, 82, 82 f Promoter region, 91, 93 f Promyelocytes, 245, 245 f Propionibacterium acnes , 1160 Proprioception, 883 Prostaglandins in circulatory control, 399 in inflammation, 57–58, 58 f Prostate, 994 f , 996, 1007 benign hyperplasia, 1008– 1010, 1008 f –1009 f cancer of, 1010–1011 Prostatitis, 1007–1008 Protease inhibitors, 315 for HIV infection, 370–371 Proteases, 77 in emphysema, 579, 579 f Proteasomes, 6, 32 Protein-energy malnutrition, 234–235, 235 f Protein inhibitor (PI) genes, 579 Protein kinase C (PKC), 814 Proteins. See also specific proteins buffer activity of, 194 CKD and, 649 digestion and absorption of, 691, 717, 718 t energy requirements for, 225–226 metabolism and storage of, 794 renal blood flow and, 610–611 synthesis of, 91–94 liver in, 727–729, 727 t , 728 f for wound healing, 81 Protozoa, 305 Proud flesh, 80 Proximal convoluted tubule, 601 f , 603 urine formation in, 605–606, 605 f PRRs. See Pattern recognition receptors Pruritus, 1150 with cholestasis, 731 Pseudogout, 1136 Pseudohyponatremia, 811 Pseudomembranous exudates, 60 Pseudostratified epithelium, 21–22, 22 f Psoriasis, 1164–1165, 1165 f Psoriatic arthritis, 1128 Psychosocial dwarfism, 772 Proteinuria, 615 Proteoglycans, 28 Proteome, 88 Proteomics, 88 Proton pump, 687

Pitting edema, 166, 166 f Pituitary gland. See also Hypothalamic-pituitary axis adenomas of, 769 anterior, control of, 768–769 disorders of, 768–775 hormones of, 761, 763 f hyperpituitarism, 769 hypopituitarism, 769–770 male reproductive system and, 997, 997 f Pityriasis rosea, 1165–1166, 1166 f PKC. See Protein kinase C PKU. See Phenylketonuria Plaque atherosclerotic. See Atherosclerotic plaque fibrous atheromatous, 410, 410 f , 412, 413 f Plasma carbon dioxide transport, 192, 192 f oxygen transport, 531 Plasma cell dyscrasias, 256–258, 257 f Plasma cells, in inflammation, 51 f , 52 Plasma compartment, 162 Plasma-derived mediators, 56–57, 57 f Plasma membrane. See Cell membrane Plasmapheresis, 271 Plasmid, 101 Plasminogen, 263 Platelet-activating factor (PAF), 58–59 Platelet plug formation, 263–264, 264 f disorders of, 269–272, 270 f Platelets, 261–262, 262 f disorders of, 269–272, 270 f impaired function of, 271–272 increased function of, 267–268 in inflammation, 50, 50 f Pleiotropism, 323 Pleomorphism, 132 Pleura, 514 f , 518 disorders of, 568–571, 569 f –570 f Pleural effusion, 518, 568–569 Pleurisy. See Pleuritis Pleuritis, 568 Plexuses, 838 f , 839 Pluripotent stem cells, 73 PMDD. See Premenstrual dys- phoric disorder PML. See Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy PMNs. See Polymorphonuclear neutrophils PMS. See Premenstrual syndrome Pneumococcal pneumonia, 546–547 Pneumonia acute bacterial, 546–547, 546 t lesion, 1148, 1149 f neuritic, 949, 949 f