Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology, 4e

1215

Index

cystic lesions of, 1035, 1035 f disorders of, 1035–1036, 1035 f , 1037 f follicle development and ovu- lation, 1022 f , 1023–1024 hormone production, 1020–1023 neoplasms of, 1036, 1037 f polycystic ovary syndrome, 1035–1036 Overflow incontinence, 665 Overweight. See Obesity Oxidative phosphorylation, 9 Oxidative stress, 40–41, 46 Oxygen delivery of, for wound healing, 83–84 transport of, 530–533, 532 f –534 f Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve, 531, 533–534, 534 f Oxygen therapy for COPD, 582 for heart failure, 498 hyperbaric, for wound healing, 83–84 Oxyhemoglobin, 530 PAF. See Platelet-activating factor Paget disease, 1046, 1117–1118, 1118 f PAG region. See Periaqueductal gray region PAH. See Pulmonary arterial hypertension Pain, 860–868 acute, 865–866, 866 t back, 894–896 brain centers and, 862–863 in children, 875–876 chronic, 865–867, 866 t cutaneous, 864 p35 tumor-suppressor gene, activation of, 7 Pacinian corpuscle, 858, 1145 PAD. See Peripheral arterial disease management of, 867–868 mechanisms of, 861, 861 f modulation of, 863–864 neuropathic, 869–870 pathways of, 861–864, 863 f phantom limb, 871–872 referred, 864–865, 865 f sensitivity to, alterations in, 869 temporomandibular joint, 875 theories of, 860–861 types of, 864–867 visceral, 864 Pain fibers, 862 Painful bladder syndrome, 670–671 Paleolayer, of white matter, 835 f Paleospinothalamic tract, 857 PAMPs. See Pathogen-associated molecular patterns Panacinar emphysema, 580, 580 f Pancreas cancer of, 750 disorders of, 745, 746 f , 748–750 glucose control by, 794, 795 f transplantation of, 810 deep somatic, 864 in elderly, 876–877 head. See Headache

Pancreatic polypeptide, 794 Pancreatitis, 748–750 Paneth cells, 688, 688 f Pannus, 1120, 1121 f Papanicolaou smear, 148 Papillary dermis, 1144–1145 Papillary necrosis, 629 Papilloma, 130, 131 t Papillomatosis, 166 PAPP-A. See Pregnancy- associated plasma protein A Papule, 1148, 1149 f , 1160 Papulosquamous dermatoses, 1164–1166, 1165 f –1166 f Paracrine action, of hormones, 754, 755 f Paradoxical movement, 521 Paralysis, 887, 887 f Paralytic strabismus, 972 f , 973 Paraneoplastic syndromes, 134, 145–146, 146 t Paraphimosis, 1012 Paraplegia, 887, 887 f Parasites, 305 Parasitic relationship, 298 Parasympathetic nervous system, 848 f , 849 t , 850 airways and, 520 in bladder control, 658–659, 659 f in gastrointestinal system, 680–682, 682 f –683 f neurotransmission in, 851, 851 f Parathyroid hormone (PTH) in bone formation and metab- olism, 1069, 1069 t , 1072 f in calcium balance regulation, 181–183, 182 f disorders of, 189–190 with CKD, 646–647 in magnesium balance regula- tion, 187–188 recombinant, 1114–1115 Parenchymal tissues, 71 in neoplasms, 130 Parietal layer, 568 Partial pressure, 520 Partial seizures, 945 c Passive immunity, 340 Patella, subluxation and disloca- tions of, 1082 Patellofemoral pain syndrome, 1082–1083, 1082 f Patent ductus arteriosus, 475–477, 476 f Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), 327 Pathogens, 298 Pathogen virulence, in UTI, 667–668 Pathologic calcifications, 35, 35 f Pathologic stress fractures, 1084 Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), 327 Pattern theory, of pain, 860 PCI. See Percutaneous coronary intervention Parietal lobe, 842, 843 f Parietal pericardium, 465 Parietal peritoneum, 678 Parkinson disease, 899–901, 900 f Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, 494

PCOS. See Polycystic ovary syndrome PCR. See Polymerase chain reaction Pedigree, 98 Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), 1030, 1030 f Pelvic nerve, 658 Pelvic pain syndrome, chronic, 1007–1008 Pemphigus, 27 Pendrin, 776 Penetrance, 98 in congenital disorders, 108 Penetration, of infectious agents, 306 PE neurons. See Pharyngeal effer- ent neurons Penile erection, 997–998 dysfunction of, 998–999, 1014 Penis Penumbra, ischemic, 933 Pepsin, 691 Pepsinogen, 691 Peptic ulcer disease, 703–704, 703 f Peptidoglycan, 300 Percutaneous coronary interven- tion (PCI), for myocardial infarction, 453, 453 f Percutaneous umbilical cord blood sampling, 126 Perfusion, 528–529 in respiration, 565–566 ventilation matching with, 529, 529 f , 594 Periaqueductal gray (PAG) region, 863–864 Periarticular calcifications, 647 Pericardial effusion, 466–467, 467 f Pericarditis acute, 465–466 constrictive, 467 myocardial infarction and, 454 Pericardium, 382, 383 f –384 f disorders of, 465 c , 465–467 Perichondrium, 1064 Perilymph, 980 Perimenopause, 1040 Perimysium, 24, 24 f Perineurium, 824, 892 Perinuclear space, 3, 4 f Periosteum, 1065–1066, 1065 f Periotic fluid. See Perilymph Peripartum cardiomyopathy, 471 Peripheral arterial disease (PAD), 415 Peripheral chemoreceptors, 536 Peripheral circulation. See Systemic circulation Peripheral cyanosis, 566 Peripheral nervous system (PNS), 27, 821, 822 f longitudinal tracts of, 835– 836, 835 f –836 f , 835 t neuroglial cells of, 823–824, 824 f segmental organization of, disorders of, 1000–1002 neoplasms of, 1001–1002

Peripheral tolerance, 354–356 Peripheral vascular disorders, 415–417 Peristaltic movements, in small intestine, 684, 685 f Peritoneal cavity, 678 Peritoneal dialysis, for CKD, 650–651, 651 f Peritonitis, 716–717 Peritubular capillaries, 601 f , 602 Permanent tissues, 73 Peroxisomes, 6 Petit mal seizures. See Absence seizures Peyronie disease, 1000–1001, 1001 f pH calculation of, 193, 194 f primary v. compensatory changes in, 196, 196 t regulation of, 191 f , 193–195, 612 Phagocytic disorders, 83–84 Phagocytosis, 5, 5 f , 15–16 in inflammatory response, 55–56 Phagolysosome, 5, 5 f Phagosome, 5, 5 f , 15–16 in inflammation, 55–56 Phalen maneuver, 893 Phantom limb pain, 871–872 Pharyngeal efferent (PE) neurons, 833 f , 835 Pharyngeal phase, of swallowing, 681, 684, 684 f Pharyngoesophageal sphincter, 677 Phenotype, 98, 107 Phenylketonuria (PKU), 110–111 Pheochromocytoma, 428 Pheomelanin, 1143–1144 Philadelphia chromosome, 137, 250–253, 250 f Phimosis, 1012 Phosphate buffers, 195 Phospholipids, in cell membrane, 2–3 Phosphorus CKD and, 649–650 imbalance of, with CKD, 646–647 Phosphorus balance, 181 Photopic vision, 962 Photosensitivity, drug-induced, 1168 Physical maps, in genetics, 100–101 Physiologic dead space, 528 Physiologic reserve, for adapta- tion, 213 Physiologic shunt, 529 Pia mater, 837, 838 f –839 f , 844, 844 f Pick disease. See Frontotemporal dementia PID. See Pelvic inflammatory disease PI genes. See Protein inhibitor genes Pigmentary skin disorders, 1148–1150, 1149 f Pigmented birthmarks, 1178, 1178 f disorders of, 185–187 regulation of, 185–186

831–836, 831 f –832 f , 833 t –834 t , 835 f –836 f

Peripheral neuropathies,

892–896. See also specific neuropathy flaccid bladder and, 663

Peripheral proteins, 2, 3 f