Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology, 4e

1211

Index

site of, 309–310 of skin, 1153–1159 fungal, 1153–1156, 1154 f –1156 f skin manifestations of,

Inspiration, 522, 522 f Inspiratory capacity (IC), 526 in asthma, 575 Inspiratory retractions, 556 f , 557 Insulin, 795–798, 795 t , 796 f –797 f , 809–810 Insulin autoantibodies (IAAs), 801 Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), 771 deficiency, in children, 772–773, 772 f Insulin resistance syndrome. See Metabolic syndrome Insulin secretagogues, 807–808, 809 f Integral proteins, 2, 3 f Integrase inhibitors, for HIV infection, 371 Integrins, 29, 77, 77 f in inflammation, 52 Integumentum. See Skin Intercalated cells, 607 Intercalated disks, 382, 384 f Intercostal muscles, 521–522, 522 f Interferons (IFNs), 323 for cancer, 152 Interleukin-1 (IL-1), in inflamma- tion, 59, 59 f Interleukins (ILs), 323 for cancer, 152 Intermediate-density lipoprotein (IDL), 404–405, 405 f Intermediate gray matter, 837, 838 f Intermittent fever, 65–66, 66 f Intermittent pneumatic compres- sion (IPC), for pulmonary embolism, 590 International HapMap Project, 101 Interphase, 72 Interstitial cystitis, 670–671 Interstitial lung disease causes of, 586 c clinical features of, 586–587 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, 587 Interstitial matrix, 77 Intervertebral disk, disorders of, 895–896, 895 f –896 f Intestinal flora, 692–693 Intestinal obstruction, 715–716, 716 f –717 f Intestinal secretions, 686 t , 687–688 Intestinal smooth muscle, 683, 683 f Intestines. See Colon; Large intes- tine; Small intestine Intoeing, 1098–1099, 1098 f –1099 f Intracellular accumulations, 34–35, 35 f Intracellular fluid (ICF) compart- ment, 159–160, 160 f , 161 t body fluid distribution, 162–163 Intracerebral hematomas, 925–926, 926 f Intracranial hemorrhage, 937–939 Intracranial pressure (ICP), 920–921, 920 f –921 f increased, 919 pathogenesis of, 586 sarcoidosis, 587–588

Intraductal papillomas, 1043 Intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma, 1176 Intraocular pressure, 967–969, 968 f Intrapleural pressure, 521, 521 f Intrapulmonary pressure. See Alveolar pressure Intrarenal renal failure, 640 c , 640 f , 641–642 Intrathoracic pressure, 521, 521 f Intrinsic apoptosis, 43, 43 f Intrinsic reflexes, 421 Introitus, 1018, 1018 f Introns, 91, 94 f Intrusion, in PTSD, 217 Intussusception, 715, 716 f –717 f Invasion factors, 308 t , 309 Invasive squamous cell carcinoma, 1176 Involuntary muscle. See Smooth muscle Ionizing radiation. See Radiation IPC. See Intermittent pneumatic compression IPF. See Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis Iron-deficiency anemia, 287–288 Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), 705–706 Irritant receptors, 536 Ischemia brain injury, 917–918, 917 f cellular injury from, 40 f , 41 Ischemic stroke, 932–934, 932 f Islet amyloid polypeptide. See Amylin Islet cell autoantibodies, 801 Islets of Langerhans, 794, 795 f transplantation of, 810 Isochromosome formation, 115, 116 f Isotonic fluid volume deficit of, 171–173, 173 t excess of, 173–174, 173 t Isovolumetric contraction period, 390 Isovolumetric relaxation period, 391 ITP. See Immune thrombocytope- nic purpura Jaundice, 34–35, 280, 729–730, 730 c , 730 f JDMS. See Juvenile dermatomyositis JIA. See Juvenile idiopathic arthritis Joints, 1073–1074. See also Arthritis injuries to, 1079–1084, 1080 f –1083 f synovial, 1074–1076, 1074 f –1075 f vasculature and innervation, 1075 Junctional nevi, 1173 Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDMS), 1134–1135 Juvenile diabetes. See Type 1A immune-mediated diabetes mellitus Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), 1133–1134

Juvenile osteochondroses, 1104–1105, 1105 f Juvenile spondyloarthropathies, 1134 Juxtacapillary receptors, 536 Juxtaglomerular complex, 610, 610 f Juxtamedullary nephrons, 601 f , 602 Kaposi sarcoma (KS), with AIDS, 368–369, 369 f Karyotype, 95 f , 96 Kawasaki disease, 480–481 Keloid, 81, 81 f Keratin, 21, 1142 Keratinocytes, 1142–1143, 1143 f Keratitis, 959–960 Keratohyalin, 1143, 1143 f Kerion, 1155 Kernicterus, 292–293 Ketoacids, formation of, 193 f , 197 Kidneys. See also Renal entries in acid-base balance, 194–195, 197, 199–200, 200 f alterations in position and form, 618, 618 f blood flow in, regulation of, 609–611 blood supply, 600–601, 601 f congenital disorders of, 617–618 cystic diseases, 618–621 cystic diseases of, 619 f disease, chronic. See Chronic kidney disease function of elimination, 611–613 endocrine, 613 tests of, 614–615, 614 f , 614 t –615 t horseshoe, 618, 618 f hypertension, 427 location of, 599–600, 600 f –601 f malignant tumors of, 636–637 nephron in, 601–603, 601 f –602 f obstructive disorders of. See Urinary tract obstruction in potassium regulation, 177 stones, 633–635, 633 t , 634 f structure of, 600, 600 f –601 f transplantation of, for CKD, 651 urine formation in, 603–611, 604 f –609 f Kilocalorie, 223 Kimmelstiel-Wilson syndrome, 627 Kinins, 345 Klinefelter syndrome, 119–120 Knee, injuries to, 1081–1083, 1082 f Knee-jerk reflex, 885, 885 f Knock-knees. See Genu valgum Köbner phenomenon, 1164 Koplik spots, 1179–1180 Krause end bulbs, 1145 KS. See Kaposi sarcoma Kupffer cells, 726, 726 f Kwashiorkor, 234–235, 235 f

1179–1180, 1179 f –1180 f source of, 307 terminology for, 297–298 treatment for, 314–315 virulence factors, 307–309, 308 t viruses, 299–300, 299 f –300 f in wounds, 84 Infectious agents, as teratogenic agent, 123 Infectious mononucleosis, 248–249, 248 f Infective endocarditis (IE), 457–458, 458 f Inflammation, 49 acute, 50, 53–60, 57 f –59 f adipose tissue and, 231 of breast, 1042–1043 CAMs in, 52 cells of, 50–52, 50 f , 51 f chronic, 50, 61–62, 62 f impaired response to, in wound healing, 84 of penis, 1000 systemic manifestations of acute-phase response, 62–63 fever, 63–68, 63 f , 64 f , 64 t , 66 f in wound healing, 80, 82, 82 f Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), 706–707, 706 f , 707 t etiology and pathogenesis of, 707 Inflammatory diarrhea, 713–714 Inflammatory response, 325 Influenza, 542–544, 543 f Infratentorial herniation, of brain, 921 f , 922 Ingestion, of infectious agents, 306–307 Inhalation, of infectious agents, 307 Inheritance, patterns of, 98–99 Inhibin A, for prenatal screening and diagnosis, 125 Injury, cellular causes of, 36–39, 37 f mechanisms of, 39–41, 40 f reversible, 42, 42 f Innate immunity, 318–320, 319 f cells of, 325–326 epithelial barriers, 325 pathogen recognition, 326–327, 327 t soluble mediators of, 327–331, 328 f –329 f in stimulating adaptive immu- nity, 331 Innervation of dermis, 1145 of lungs, 520 Inotropic influence, in cardiac contractility, 393 Inotropy, 487–488, 488 f Input association (IA) neuron, 832, 833 f

Insensible perspiration, 65 Insensible water losses, 168 In situ hybridization, 101

Labia, 1017, 1018 f Labile tissues, 73