Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology, 4e

1209

Index

treatment of, 497–498 types of, 491–493, 491 f

clot dissolution, 265, 265 f , 267 clot retraction, 265, 265 f , 267 coagulation cascade, 265–267, 265 f –266 f platelet plug formation, 263–264, 264 f vessel spasm, 263–264, 264 f Hemothorax, 569 Henson disease, 308 Hepatic encephalopathy, 743 Hepatic sinusoids, 726, 726 f Hepatic syndromes cirrhosis, 739–740, 740 f portal hypertension, 740–742, 741 f –742 f Hepatitis acute fulminant, 736 alcoholic, 738 alcohol-induced, 738 f autoimmune, 735–736 drug-induced, 737 viral, 732–735 chronic, 735 Hepatitis A virus (HAV), 732–733, 733 f Hepatitis B virus (HBV), 733–734, 733 f cancer and, 143 Hepatitis C virus (HCV), 734, 734 f cancer and, 143 Hepatitis D virus (HDV), 734–735 Hepatitis E virus (HEV), 734–735 Hepatobiliary tree, 726, 726 f Hepatocellular carcinoma, 744 Hepatocytes, 726 Hepatopancreatic ampulla, 726 Hepatorenal syndrome, 743 Hepatotropic viruses, 732 Herald patch, 1165 Hereditary angioneurotic edema, 1163 Hereditary nephritis. See Alport syndrome Heredity, cancer and, 141 Hernia brain, 919, 921 f –922 f , 922 hiatal, 698, 698 f in intestinal obstruction, 716 f Herniated disk, 895–896, 895 f –896 f Herpes simplex keratitis, 959 Herpes simplex virus (HSV) in genital herpes, 1051–1052 in skin, 1158–1159, 1158 f Herpes zoster, in skin, 1159, 1159 f Heterograft, for thermal injury, 1170–1171 Heteronymous loss, 971 Heterozygotes, 98, 107, 138 HEV. See Hepatitis E virus HHS. See Hyperglycemic hyper- osmolar state HHV-6. See Human herpes virus 6 HHV-8. See Human herpes virus 8 Hiatal hernia, 698, 698 f Hiatus, 677, 697 HIFs. See Hypoxia-inducible factors High–bone-turnover osteodystro- phy, 647 High-density lipoprotein (HDL), 404–406, 405 f , 406 t Hilus

of kidneys, 600 of lungs, 516, 516 f Hindbrain, 833 t –834 t , 840–841, 840 f Hip developmental dysplasia of, 1102–1104, 1102 f –1103 f injuries to, 1083–1084, 1083 f osteoporosis, 1113–1114, 1114 f Hirschsprung disease, 715 Histamine in circulatory control, 399 in hypersensitivity disorders, 345 in inflammation, 57 Histone, 89, 89 f Histoplasmosis, 551 HIV. See Human immunodefi- ciency virus HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs), 368 HLAs. See Human leukocyte antigens Hodgkin lymphoma, 255–256, 256 f Homeostasis, 206–208, 207 b , 207 f Homograft, for thermal injury, 1170–1171 Homologs, 95 Homonymous, 971 Homozygotes, 98, 107 Hormonal hyperplasia, 33 Hormone response element, 759 Hormones, 753–754, 756 t . See also specific hormones action of, 756 t of adrenal gland, 784–786, 784 f –785 f in bone formation and for cancer, 151 in cancer development, 141 counterregulatory, 798–799 elimination of, 757 of gastrointestinal system, 688–689, 688 t glucose regulation by, 794–799, 795 f gut-derived, 798 of hypothalamus, 759, 762 f –763 f in male reproductive system, 994–995, 995 c mechanisms of action, 758, 758 c ovary production of, 1020–1023 of pituitary gland, 761, 763 f receptors for, 758 c , 758–761, 760 f –761 f regulation of, 762 f –763 f feedback, 762, 763 f hypothalamic-pituitary axis, 759, 761, 762 f –763 f source of, 756 t structural classification of, 754–755, 757 t synthesis of, 755 of thyroid gland, 776–778 transport of, 755, 757, 757 f Horseshoe kidney, 618, 618 f Hospital-acquired pneumonia, 545–546 Host, 298 metabolism, 1069, 1069 t , 1071–1073, 1071 f –1072 f

Host defenses, in UTI, 667 HPV. See Human papilloma virus HSV. See Herpes simplex virus 5-HT. See 5-Hydroxytryptamine HTLV-1. See Human T-cell leuke- mia virus-1 Human Genome Project, 99–100 Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, 303 Human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6), 1179 Human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8), cancer and, 143 Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in children, 371 classification and phases of, 365 c , 365–366, 366 f , 366 t diagnosis of, 370 malignancies with, 368–369, 369 f molecular and biologic fea- tures of, 363–365, 364 f opportunistic infections with, 367–368, 367 f in pregnancy, 371 respiratory tract infections with, 367 f transmission of, 362–363 treatment of, 370–371 Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs), 335 in transplantation, 353 Human monocytic ehrlichiosis, 303 Human papilloma virus (HPV) with AIDS, 369 cancer and, 143 in genital warts, 1050–1051, 1050 f Human T-cell leukemia virus-1 (HTLV-1), cancer and, 143–144 Humoral control of blood flow, 399 of blood pressure, 423–424, 424 f of renal blood flow, 607, 609 Humoral immunity, 319–320, 319 f , 331, 337–338, 338 f B lymphocytes and, 335–338, 336 f immunodeficiency disorders, 358–360, 359 f Hunger, 227–228, 227 f Huntington disease (HD), 951–952 HUS. See Hemolytic uremic syndrome Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome, 46 Hyaline cartilage, 1064 Hyaline casts, 615 Hyaline membrane disease. See Respiratory distress syndrome Hybridization studies, for genetic mapping, 100–101 Hybridomas, 312 Hydrocele, 1003, 1003 f Hydrocephalus, 922–923 Hydrogen/bicarbonate exchange, 194–195 Hydrolysis, 689 Hydronephrosis, 632, 632 f Hydrops fetalis, 293

Heart rate, 392–393 Heart valves. See also specific valves anatomy of, 384–386, 384 f –386 f Heat loss of, 64–65, 64 t production of, 63–64, 64 t Heinz bodies, 286 Helicobacter pylori cancer and, 143, 704–705 gastritis, 702, 702 f peptic ulcer and, 703–704 Helminths, 305 Helper T cells, 321, 333–334, 334 f , 338–339 Hemagglutinins, 308 Hemangiomas of infancy, 1178 Hematocele, 1003 Hematocrit, 281, 282 f , 282 t Hematogenous osteomyelitis, 1091–1092, 1091 f Hematogenous spread, of cancer, 135–136, 136 f Hematologic system, disorders of, in chronic kidney disease, 645 f , 647–648 Hematomas, 924–926, 925 f –926 f , 1079, 1086, 1086 f , 1088 Hematopoiesis, 242–243, 242 f neoplastic disorders of, 249–258 Hematopoietic cells, transplanta- tion of, 353 Hematopoietic growth factors, 242–243 Hemianopia, 970 Hemidesmosomes, 27, 28 f Hemiplegia, 887, 887 f Hemodialysis for acute renal failure, 642–643 for CKD, 650, 651 f Hemodynamic instability, with thermal injury, 1169 Hemodynamics, 378, 380–381 Hemoglobin, 277–278, 278 f carbon dioxide transport, 193, 193 f , 534 laboratory tests for, 281, 282 t oxygen binding to, 530–531, 532 f oxygen dissociation curve, 531, 533–534, 534 f synthesis of, 279, 279 f Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), 806 Hemoglobin H (HbH), 286 Hemolytic anemia, 280, 283 acquired, 287 inherited, 283–287 Hemolytic disease of newborn, 293 Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), 271, 308 Hemophilia A, 272–273 Hemorrhage, aneurysmal sub- arachnoid, 937–938, 937 f Hemorrhagic exudates, 60 Hemorrhagic measles. See Rubeola Hemorrhagic stroke, 934 Hemorrhagic telangiectasia, 273 Hemostasis, 261, 262 f