Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology, 4e

1208

Index

Genes

Glomerulonephritis chronic, 626 membranous, 625

"Goose bumps," 1147 Gout, 1131–1133, 1132 f , 1135–1136 Graft, 353 Graft- versus -host-disease (GVHD), 353 Gram calorie. See Calories Gram stain, 302 Grand mal seizures. See Tonic- clonic seizures Granulation tissue, 78–80, 79 f Granulocyte colony-stimulating factors (G-CSF), 243, 324, 324 t Granulocyte-monocyte colony- stimulating factors (GM-CSF), 243, 323–324, 324 t Granulocytes, 242 f , 243–244, 243 f , 320 Granulomatous inflammation, 61–62, 62 f Granulosa cells, 1023 Graves disease, 349, 782–783, 782 f Gray matter, intermediate, 837, 838 f Great arteries, transposition of, 476 f , 479 Greenstick fracture, 1085 Ground substance, 28 Growth and development cellular, adaptations of, 31–34, 32 f , 33 f of neoplasms, 133 normal, variations of, 1098– 1101, 1098 f –1101 f Growth factors, 72 influence of, 76–77, 76 t Growth fraction, 134 Growth hormone (GH), 770–771, 770 f deficiency in adults, 773 in children, 772–773, 772 f excess in adults, 773–774, 774 f in children, 773, 773 f glucose and, 798–799 stress response of, 214 Growth plate. See Epiphyseal growth plate Grunting, 557 GSA neurons. See General somatic afferent neurons GSE neurons. See General somatic efferent neurons Guanine, in DNA, 88 Guided imagery, for stress, 218 Guillain-Barré syndrome, 894 Gut. See Gastrointestinal system Gut-derived hormones, 798 GVA neurons. See General vis- ceral afferent neurons GVE neurons. See General vis- ceral efferent neurons GVHD. See Graft- versus -host-disease Hair follicles, 1147, 1147 f HANDs. See HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders Haplotype, 90, 335 mapping of, 101 Haptens, 332 Haptoglobin, 280

Hardiness, adaptation and, 214 Hashimoto thyroiditis, 780 Haustra, 685, 712 Haustrations, 685 HAV. See Hepatitis A virus Haversian canals, 1066, 1067 f HbA. See Adult hemoglobin HbA1C. See Hemoglobin A1C HbF. See Fetal hemoglobin HbH. See Hemoglobin H HBV. See Hepatitis B virus HC. See Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy hCG, for prenatal screening and diagnosis, 125 HCV. See Hepatitis C virus HD. See Huntington disease HDL. See High-density lipoprotein HDV. See Hepatitis D virus Headache, 872–875 chronic daily, 874–875 cluster, 874 migraine, 872–874 tension-type, 874 Health status, adaptation and, 214 Hearing loss, 981 conductive, 982, 981 c diagnosis and treatment of, 982–983 in elderly, 983–984 in infants and children, 983 sensorineural, 981 c , 982 Heart conduction system of, 387 f electrical activity of, 386–390 functional anatomy of, 382–386, 383 f –384 f performance regulation, 392–393 transplantation, 498 Heart attack. See Myocardial infarction Heart block, 389 Heart disease cardiomyopathies, 468–471 with CKD, 645 f , 646 congenital. See Congenital heart disease coronary artery disease, 444–456 endocardium disorders, 457–460, 458 f in infants and children, 472–481 pericardium disorders, 465 c , 465–467 rheumatic, 458–460 valvular, 460–465 Heart failure, 486–487 AHFSs, 495–496 with CKD, 645 f , 646 compensatory mechanisms of, 488–491, 489 f diagnosis of, 496–497, 496 t in elderly, 498–499 left ventricular dysfunction, 492–493, 492 f –493 f manifestations of, 494–495 pathophysiology of, 487–488 reduced v. preserved ejection fraction, 491–492 right ventricular dysfunction, 492 f , 493

in cancer, 137–140 code for, 89–90, 90 t

expression of, regulation of, 94 isolation and cloning of, 101, 102 f

post infection, 623, 623 f rapidly progressive, 623–624, 624 f systemic lupus erythematosus with, 627 Glomerulosclerosis diabetic, 627 focal segmental, 625–626 Glomerulus, 601 f –602 f , 602–603 disorders of, 621, 622 f etiology of, 621–622, 622 f nephritic, 623, 623 f nephrotic syndrome, 624–626, 624 f pathogenesis of, 621–622, 622 f rapidly progressive glomeru- lonephritis, 623–624, 624 f with systemic disease, 627 urine formation in, 604 Glottis, 515, 515 f GLP-1. See Glucagon-like peptide-1 Glucagon, 795 t , 798 Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), 227 f , 228, 688 t , 689 Glucocorticoids, 784–785, 785 f , 785 t excess of, 788–790, 789 f glucose and, 799 Gluconeogenesis, 794 Glucose blood measurements of, 805–806 digestion and absorption of, 690, 691 f , 691 t hormone regulation of, 794–799, 795 f metabolism and storage of, 794 for nervous tissue, 825 renal blood flow and, 610–611 transport and storage of, 795–796, 795 t , 796 f Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, 684 Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), 688 t , 689 Glucose proteins. See Glycoproteins Glucose transporter (GLUT), 797, 797 f α -Glucosidase inhibitors, 808–809 GLUT. See Glucose transporter γ -Glutamyltransferase (GGT), 731 Gluten-sensitive enteropathy. See Celiac disease Glycogen, in energy storage, 224 Glycogenolysis, 794 Glycogen storage diseases, 34–35 Glycoproteins, 814 Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), 28 Glycosylated hemoglobin, 806 GM-CSF. See Granulocyte- monocyte colony-stimulating factors Goiter, 779, 779 f Gompertzian model, 134 Gonadotropin hormones, 1021 Gonorrhea, 1058–1059, 1058 f Goodpasture syndrome, 349, 624, 624 f

mutations in, 90, 107 proteins from, 91–94 repression of, 94

Gene therapy, 103 Genetic imprinting, 98–99 in congenital disorders, 111–112, 112 f

Genetic instability, 133 Genetic maps, 100–101 Genetics adaptation and, 213 autoimmune disease and, 356 in cell function, 87–94 cellular aging and, 45–46 Mendel laws, 98, 99 f in patterns of inheritance, 98–99 technology for, 99–103 Genetic tests, for endocrine func- tion, 764–765 Genital herpes, 1051–1053, 1052 f Genitalia female disorders of, 1024–1026 external, 1017–1018, 1018 f internal, 1018–1020, 1019 f male. See Male reproductive system sexually transmitted infections of, 1050–1053 Genital warts, 1050–1051, 1050 f Genomic imprinting. See Genetic imprinting Genotype, 98, 107 Genu valgum, 1100–1101, 1101 f Genu varum, 1100–1101, 1101 f GERD. See Gastroesophageal reflux disease German measles. See Rubella Gestational diabetes (GDM), 804–805 Gestational hypertension, 431 GFR. See Glomerular filtration rate GGT. See γ -Glutamyltransferase GH. See Growth hormone Ghon complex, 549, 549 f Ghon focus, 548 Ghrelin, 688 t , 689 Giant cell arterides, 414, 414 t Giant cell arteritis, 1136 Giant cell tumor, 1095, 1095 f Gigantism, 773, 773 f GIP. See Glucose-dependent insu- linotropic polypeptide Glandular epithelium, 22–23

Glasgow coma scale, 928 t Glaucoma, 967–969, 968 f Glia. See Neuroglia Gliosis, 824 Glisson capsule, 724

Global infectious diseases, 316 Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), 604, 614 chronic kidney disease and, 643–644, 643 f , 644 t juxtaglomerular complex, 610, 610 f