Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology, 4e

1207

Index

torsional and angular defor- mities of, 1098–1100, 1098 f –1100 f venous circulation of, 436, 437 f Extrinsic apoptosis, 43, 43 f Extrinsic reflexes, 421 Exudates, 60, 568 Exudative retinal detachment, 965 Eye, 955, 956 f muscles of, 971, 971 f , 972 t Eye disorders, 955–973 conjunctivitis, 957–958, 958 f corneal, 959–960 lens, 960–961, 960 f movement, 971–974, 971 f –972 f , 972 t neural, 969–971, 970 f retinal, 961–967, 962 f –964 f , 966 f Factor VIII replacement therapy, 272–273 Fallopian tubes, 1019 f , 1020 Falx cerebri, 844, 844 f Farsightedness. See Hyperopia FAS. See Fetal alcohol syndrome Fascicles, 24, 24 f , 824 Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 805 Fast response, cardiac action potential, 388, 388 f Fat embolism syndrome (FES), 1090 Fatigue in cancer, 145 with heart failure, 494–495 Fatigue stress fracture, 1084 Fat necrosis, 1043 Fats digestion and absorption of, energy requirements for, 226 metabolism and storage of, 794 for wound healing, 81 Fatty liver disease, 738, 738 f nonalcoholic, 739 Fatty streaks, 410, 410 f Febrile seizures, 945 Feedback regulation, of hormones, 762, 763 f Feedback systems, for homeosta- sis, 207–208, 207 f Female athlete triad, 1113 Female reproductive system. See specific components Femoral epiphysis, slipped capi- tal, 1105–1106 Femoral torsion, 1099–1100, 1099 f –1100 f Fenestrations, 396, 602, 602 f Ferritin, 279, 279 f FES. See Fat embolism syndrome Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), 122–123, 122 f Fetal biopsy, 126 Fetal hemoglobin (HbF), 278 α -Fetoprotein (AFP), for prenatal screening and diagnosis, 124 Fetor hepaticus, 742, 743 f FEV. See Forced expiratory volume Fever body temperature regulation and, 63–65, 63 f , 64 f , 64 t 691–692, 692 f , 717, 718 t liver in, 727, 727 t , 728 f

in children, 68 in elderly, 68 febrile response, 65–66, 66 f

Forebrain, 833 t –834 t , 840 f , 841–843, 843 f –844 f Foreign body, wound healing and, 84 Foreign body giant cell, 62, 62 f FPG. See Fasting plasma glucose Fracture blisters, 1089 Fractures bone healing, 1085–1088, 1086 f –1087 f classification of, 1084–1085, 1084 f complications of, 1088–1090, 1089 f , 1089 t diagnosis and treatment of, 1085 of hip, 1083–1084, 1083 f manifestations of, 1085, 1085 f osteoporosis, 1113–1114, 1114 f Fragile X syndrome, 112–113 Frank-Starling mechanism, 392, 393 f , 488–489, 489 f FRC. See Functional residual capacity Free nerve endings, 858 Free radicals in acute inflammation, 59–60 aging and, 46 cellular injury caused by, 39–41, 40 f Frontal lobe, 842, 843 f Frontotemporal dementia (FTD), 951 Fructose, digestion and absorp- tion of, 690, 691 f , 691 t FTD. See Frontotemporal dementia Full-thickness skin graft, for thermal injury, 1171 Fulminant hepatitis, 736 Functional residual capacity (FRC), 526, 526 f Fundus, 677, 677 f Fungal infections of respiratory tract, 551–552 of skin, 1153–1156, 1154 f –1156 f Fungi, 304–305, 304 f FUO. See Fever of unknown origin Fusiform aneurysm, 417, 417 f FVC. See Forced vital capacity GAGs. See Glycosaminoglycans Galactose, digestion and absorp- tion of, 690, 691 f , 691 t Gallbladder cancer of, 748 disorders of, 745–748, 746 f Gamma motor neurons, 885, 885 f Gangliosidoses, 111 Gangrene, 44–45, 44 f Gap junctions, 27, 28 f , 826 Gap phases, of cell cycle, 72–75, 74 f –75 f GAS. See General adaptation syndrome Gas(es) basic properties of, 520–521 diffusion of, 529–530 exchange and transport of, 528–534 in neonates and children, 556 Gas gangrene, 44–45

Gastric acid, secretion of, 686–687, 687 f

Gastric inhibitory peptide. See Glucose-dependent insulino- tropic peptide Gastric mucosal barrier, 701 Gastric secretion, 686–687, 686 t , 687 f Gastrin, 688 t , 689 Gastritis, 701–703, 702 f Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), 698–699, 698 f in children, 699–700 Gastroesophageal sphincter, 677 reflux, 698 f Gastrointestinal system CKD and, 645 f , 646, 651 digestion and absorption in, with spinal cord injury, 911–912 hormones of, 688–689, 688 t intestinal flora, 692–693 lower, organization of, 676 f , 677 motility in, 680 colon, 685 control of, 680–681 disorders of, 713–716, 714 c , 716 f –717 f gastric, 684 small intestine, 682–685, 682 f –683 f , 685 f swallowing and esophageal, 681, 684, 682 f organization of, 675–679, 676 f –677 f secretions of, 686–688, 686 t , 687 f shock and, 508 small intestine, organization of, 676 f , 677 thyroid hormone and, 778 upper, organization of, 676–677, 676 f –677 f wall structure of, 677–678, 678 f –679 f Gastrointestinal tract infections, with HIV, 367–368 Gate control theory, of pain, 860 G-CSF. See Granulocyte colony- stimulating factors GDM. See Gestational diabetes Gender, adaptation and, 214 Gene dosage studies, for genetic mapping, 100 General adaptation syndrome (GAS), 208 Generalized bronchiectasis, 583 Generalized seizures, 945 c , 946–947 Generalized vulvodynia, 1026 General somatic afferent (GSA) neurons, 833, 833 f , 854 General somatic efferent (GSE) neurons, 833 f , 835 General visceral afferent (GVA) neurons, 833, 833 f , 854 General visceral efferent (GVE) neurons, 833 f , 835 687–688, 688 f , 690–692 carbohydrates, 690, 691 f , 691 t fats, 691–692, 692 f protein, 691 disorders of, 696–721

management of, 67 manifestations of, 67 Fever of unknown origin (FUO), 67 Fiber, requirements of, 227 Fibrillation, 389 Fibrinolytic drugs, for myocardial infarction, 452–453 Fibrinous exudates, 60 Fibroblasts, 77, 77 f in healing, 79, 82, 82 f Fibrocartilage, 1064 Fibrocartilaginous callus forma- tion, in fracture healing, 1086, 1086 f , 1088 Fibroma, 130, 131 t Fibrosarcoma, 130, 131 t Fibrosis, 78 Fibrous atheromatous plaque, 410, 410 f , 412, 413 f Fibrous joints, 1074 Fibrous proteins, 28, 77 Fibrous skeleton, of heart, 384–386, 384 f Fight-or-flight response, 210 Filtrate, 602–603, 602 f Filtration slits, 602 f , 603 Fimbriae, 300, 308 Fingernails, 1147–1148, 1147 f First-degree burn, 1168 Flaccid bladder, 659 f , 663 Flagella, 7, 300 Floppy mitral valve syndrome, 462–463, 462 f Fluids, 159–167, 160 f , 161 t capillary/interstitial exchange of, 164 f –165 f compartmental distribution of, 162–163, 162 f osmosis of, 161–162, 161 f retention of, with heart failure, 494 third-space accumulation of, 166–167 tonicity of, 162, 162 f water and sodium balance, 167 disorders of, 171–176, 172 f Flush, 67 Focal segmental glomerulosclero- sis, 625–626 Focal seizures, 945–946 Folic acid, deficiency in, 123 Folic acid-deficiency anemia, 289 Follicles hair, 1147, 1147 f in lymph system, 245–246, 246 f in ovaries, 1022 f , 1023–1024 in thyroid, 776, 776 f Follicular lymphomas, 254, 254 c Fomites, 307 Food allergies to, 347–348 intake of, regulation of, 227–228, 227 f Foot ulcers, diabetic, 816–817, 817 f Foramen ovale, 477, 477 f Forced expiratory volume (FEV), 526, 526 t Forced vital capacity (FVC), 526, 526 t in asthma, 575