Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology, 4e

1205

Index

DCM. See Dilated cardiomyopathy

Diabetes mellitus classification of, 800–805, 800 t clinical manifestations of, 805 complications of acute, 810–813, 811 f chronic, 813–818, 813 f , 815 c , 817 f cystic fibrosis–related, 804 diagnostic test for, 805–806 etiology of, 799–800, 800 t , 801 t gestational, 804–805 management of, 806–810, 808 f –809 f maturity-onset, of young, 804 new-onset, after transplant, 804 other types of, 803–804 risk for, 800 type 1, 800–802, 800 t type 2, 800 t , 802–803, 804 c wound healing and, 84 Diabetic foot ulcers, 816–817, 817 f Diabetic glomerulosclerosis, 627 Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), 810–812, 811 f Diabetic nephropathies, 815–816 Diabetic neuropathies, 814–815 Diabetic retinopathy, 816, 964–965, 964 f Dialysis. See Hemodialysis; Peritoneal dialysis Diaper dermatitis, 1177–1178 Diaphragm, 521–522, 522 f osmotic, 713 secretory, 714 Diarthroses. See Synovial joints Diastole, 390–392, 391 f Diastolic pressure, 420, 420 f , 423, 423 f DIC. See Disseminated intravas- cular coagulation Diencephalon, 841–842, 841 f Dietary management, of diabetes mellitus, 806–807 Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs), 225 Differentiation, cellular adaptations of, 31–34, 32 f , 33 f neoplasms and, 130, 132–133, 132 f Diffuse brain injury, 926–929, 927 f , 927 t –928 t , 929 f Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, 254, 254 c Diffuse lymphoid tissue, 246 Diffuse parenchymal lung diseases. See Interstitial lung disease Diffusion, 14–15 of gases, 529–530 impaired, 594–595 in respiration, 565–566 DiGeorge syndrome. See Thymic hypoplasia Digestion, 687–688, 688 f , 689–692 of carbohydrates, 690, 691 f , 691 t of fats, 691–692, 692 f of protein, 691 Digestive tract. See Gastrointestinal system Digitalis, for heart failure, 498 Diaphysis, 1065, 1065 f Diarrhea, 713–714, 714 c inflammatory, 713–714

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), 469–470, 470 f Diluting segment, 603, 606 Dimorphic, 551 Direct antigen detection, 312 Discriminative pathway, 856–857, 857 f Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), 1123 Dislocation, 1080 of hip, 1083 of patella, 1082 Dissecting aneurysm, 417–419, 417 f Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), 273–275, 274 c , 274 f with shock, 508–509 Distensibility, of blood vessels, 379 Distributive shock, 501 c , 502 f , 505–508 Disuse atrophy, 32 Diuretics, for heart failure, 497 Diverticular disease, 711–712, 712 f Diverticulosis, 711, 712 f DKA. See Diabetic ketoacidosis DMARDs. See Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs DMD. See Duchenne muscular dystrophy DNA packaging of, 89, 89 f recombinant, 101–103 repair of, 90 structure of, 88–89, 88 f DNA fingerprinting, 102–103, 102 f DNA probe hybridization, 312 DNA sequencing, for infection diagnosis, 313–314, 313 f Dominant trait, 98, 107 Dopamine, in circulatory control, 400 Dorsal column–medial lemniscal pathway, 856–857, 857 f Dorsal root ganglia, 830, 831 f Doubling time, 134 Down-regulation, 758 Down syndrome, 117–118, 117 f DRIs. See Dietary Reference Intakes Droplet nuclei, 548 Drug-induced liver disease, 737 Drug-induced neuromuscular junction disorder, 890–891 Drug-induced photosensitivity, 1168 Drug-induced skin eruptions, 1163–1164, 1164 f Drug-induced thrombocytopenia, 271 Drug-related nephropathies, 629–630 Drugs bladder control and, 659, 660 t cellular injury from, 38 elimination of, 612–613 liver metabolism of, 736–737 for pain, 867–868 as teratogenic agent, 121–123 DTH disorders. See Delayed-type hypersensitivity disorders genetic code, 89–90, 90 t genetic variability in, 90

CRF. See Corticotropin-releasing factor Cristae, 6, 6 f Crohn disease, 706 f , 707–708, 707 t , 708 f Crossing over, 96, 97 f Croup, 559–560, 559 f , 560 t CRP. See C-reactive protein CRPS. See Complex regional pain syndrome CRRT. See Continuous renal replacement therapy Cryptorchidism, 1012–1013, 1013 f Crypts of Lieberkühn, 687–688, 688 f , 690 f Crystal-induced arthropathies, 1131–1133, 1132 f , 1135–1136 CSF. See Cerebrospinal fluid CSFs. See Colony-stimulating factors CSII. See Continuous subcutane- ous insulin infusion CTLs. See Cytotoxic T lymphocytes Cuboidal epithelium, 21–22, 22 f Culture, for infection diagnosis, 311, 311 f Curling ulcer, 704 Cushing disease, 273, 788 Cushing syndrome, 788–790, 789 f Cushing ulcer, 704 Cutaneous pain, 864 Cuticle. See Eponychium CVID. See Common variable immunodeficiency Cyanosis, 566 with heart failure, 495 Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), in cell cycle, 72–73, 75, 75 f Cyclins, in cell cycle, 72–73, 75, 75 f

DDAVP. See Desmopressin acetate DDH. See Developmental dyspla- sia of the hip Dead air space, 528 Death, cellular, 7, 42–45, 42 f –44 f Death receptors, 43, 43 f Decerebrate posturing, 922, 922 f , 928–929 Decorticate posturing, 922, 922 f , 928–929 Decubitus ulcers. See Pressure ulcers Deep somatic pain, 864 Deep tendon reflex (DTR), 885, 885 f Deep venous thrombosis (DVT), 439 c , 439–440 pulmonary embolism and, 589 with spinal cord injury, 912 Defecation, control of, 685 Defervescence, 67 Defibrillator, for heart failure, 498 Degenerative joint disease. See Osteoarthritis Dehisce, 84 Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) disorders, 351 Delayed union, 1088, 1089 t 22q11.2 Deletion syndrome (22q11.2 DS), 116 Dementia, 948–952 Alzheimer type, 948–950, 949 f frontotemporal, 951 in Huntington disease, 951–952 vascular, 951 in Wernicke-Korsakoff syn- drome, 951 Dendritic cells, 822–823, 822 f in adaptive immunity, 332 in innate immunity, 320, 326 Dendrocytes, dermal, 1145 Denervation atrophy, 32 Dennie-Morgan folds, 1162 Dense connective tissue, 23–24 Deoxyribonucleic acid. See DNA Deoxyribose, in DNA, 88 Depolarization, 826, 826 f Dermal dendrocytes, 1145 Dermatitis allergic contact, 351 atopic, 1161–1162, 1162 f Dermatomes, 855, 856 f Dermatomyositis, juvenile, 1134–1135 Dermatophytes, 305 Dermatophytid reaction, 1156, 1156 f Dermatoses allergic and hypersensitive, 1161–1164, 1162 f , 1164 f papulosquamous, 1164–1166, 1165 f –1166 f Dermis, 1142 f , 1144–1145 Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP), for coagulation disorders, 272 Desmosomes, 27, 28 f Detrusor muscle, 657, 657 f Detrusor–sphincter dyssynergia, 658, 663 Detumescence, 998 Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), 1102–1104, 1102 f –1103 f Diabetes insipidus (DI), 170–171

Cycloplegia, 961 Cystatin C, 614 Cystic diseases, of kidneys, 618–621, 619 f

Cystic fibrosis (CF), 583–585, 584 f Cystic fibrosis–related diabetes (CFRD), 804 Cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), 584–585 Cystine stones, 633–634, 633 t Cystocele, 1034–1035, 1034 f

Cysts, renal, 621 Cytogenetics, 96

prenatal analyses, 126 Cytokines, 323–324, 324 t

blood cell regulation, 242–243 in hypersensitivity disorders, 345 in inflammation, 56, 59, 59 f , 61, 330 in stress response, 212 Cytoplasm, 2, 2 f , 4–8, 4 f –5 f , 300 Cytoplasmic membrane, 300 Cytosine, in DNA, 88 Cytotoxic edema, 918–919 Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), 321, 333–334, 334 f , 339, 339 f , 350, 350 f Daily value (DV), 225 Damage theories, of cellular aging, 45–46 Dane particle, 733 Dawn phenomenon, 813