Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology, 4e

1204

Index

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) chronic bronchitis, 580 diagnosis and treatment of, 581–582 emphysema, 578–580, 579 f –581 f manifestations of, 580–581, 581 f Chronic rejection, 353 Chronic wasting disease, 298 Chvostek sign, 183, 184 f Chylomicrons, 404–405, 405 f Chylothorax, 569 Chyme, 684 Cigarette smoking. See Smoking Cilia, 7, 21, 325 Cingulate herniation, of brain, 921 f , 922 Circadian rhythms, 214 Circulation. See also Blood flow arterial system, 395, 395 f bronchial, 518 f , 519 cerebral, 930–932, 931 f collateral, 399 coronary, 444–446, 445 f disorders of arterial, 404–419 venous, 436–440 fetal and perinatal, 472–473, 473 f microcirculation. See Microcirculation neural control of, 399–400 organization of, 375–377, 376 f –377 f pulmonary. See Pulmonary circulation systemic, 394–400 venous, 395–396, 396 f of lower extremities, 436, 437 f Circulatory failure. See Shock Circulatory overload, 173 Cirrhosis, 739–740, 740 f alcoholic, 738 biliary, 736 CKD. See Chronic kidney disease Cleft lip, 114, 114 f Cleft palate, 114, 114 f Climacteric, 1040 Clitoris, 1017, 1018 f CLL. See Chronic lymphocytic leukemia Clonic seizures, 947 Cloning, of genes, 101, 102 f Clonus, 888 Clostridium difficile colitis, 710–711 Clot dissolution of, 265, 265 f , 267 increase in activity of, 268–269 retraction of, 265, 265 f , 267 Clubfoot, congenital, 1104, 1104 f Clue cells, 1055, 1056 f Cluster headache, 874 Cluster of differentiation (CD) molecules, 321 CML. See Chronic myelogenous leukemia CNS. See Central nervous system CO. See Cardiac output Coagulase, 309 Coagulation. See also Hypercoagulability

cascade, 265–267, 265 f –266 f defects of, 742 disorders of, 272–273 with CKD, 647–648 system components of, 262–263 Codominance, 107 Codons, 89–91, 90 t Cognitive deficits, from stroke, 937 Colchicine, 96 Colitis, Clostridium difficile , 710–711 Collagen, 28 Collateral circulation, 399 Collectin, 325 Collecting tubule, 601 f , 603 in urine formation, 606–607, 607 f –608 f Colloid, 776 Colloidal osmotic pressure, Colon absorption and intestinal flora of, 692–693 motility in, 685 Colonic diverticula, 711–712, 712 f Colonization, 298 Colonoscopy, for colorectal cancer, 721 Colony-forming units (CFUs), 242 Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs), 243, 323–324, 324 t Colorectal cancer, 720–721 Columnar epithelium, 21–22, 22 f Comedones, 1160 Commensal flora, 298 Commensalism, 298 Comminuted fracture, 1084 f , 1085 Common cold, 540 Common variable immunodefi- ciency (CVID), 359–360 Community acquired, 307 Community-acquired pneumonia, 545 Compact bone, 1065, 1065 f Compartment syndrome, 12–13, 12 f , 1089–1090, 1089 f Compensatory hyperplasia, 33 Compensatory hypertrophy, 32–33 Complement-mediated hypersensi- tivity disorders, 348–349, 348 f Complement system, 56, 328–331, 328 f –329 f Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), 871 Compliance of blood vessels, 379 of lungs, 522–524, 523 f Compound fracture, 7, 1084 Compound nevi, 1173 Compression fracture, 1084 f , 1085 Concussions, 926 Conditioning factors, 208 Conducting airways, 513–517, 514 f –515 f Conduction, in heat loss, 65 Conductive hearing loss, 981 c , 982 Condylomata acuminata. See Genital warts Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), 786–787, 786 f Congenital disorders, 106–107 Coagulation necrosis, 44 Coccidioidomycosis, 551 163–164, 164 f in edema, 165

with atypical patterns of inheritance, 111 chromosomal, 115–120 environmental influences in, 120–123, 122 c fragile X syndrome, 112–113 genetic imprinting in, 111–112, 112 f glaucoma, 969 hypothyroidism, 779–780, 779 f of kidney, 617–621 mitochondrial, 113, 113 t multifactorial inheritance disorders, 113–114 single-gene, 107–111, 107 t autosomal dominant, 107 t , 108–110, 108 f autosomal recessive, 107 t , 110–111, 110 f X-linked, 107 t , 111, 111 f skeletal deformities, 1101– 1104, 1102 f –1104 f , 1102 t Congenital heart disease, 473–474 aorta, coarctation of, 476 f , 479–480 atrial septal defects, 476 f –477 f , 477 endocardial cushion defects, 476 f , 478 functional single-ventricle anatomy, 480, 480 f great arteries, transposition of, 476 f , 479 manifestations and treatment of, 475 patent ductus arteriosus, 475–477, 476 f pulmonary blood flow in, 474 pulmonary stenosis, 476 f , 478–479 shunting and cyanotic disorders, 474 tetralogy of Fallot, 476 f , 479 ventricular septal defects, 476 f , 477–478 Congenital infection, 306 Conidia, 304 Conjunctiva, 956–957, 956 f –957 f Conjunctivitis, 957–958, 958 f Connective tissue, 20 t , 23, 23 f adipose, 23 healing and, 78, 78 f cutaneous, 79–81, 80 f –83 f factors affecting, 81, 83–84 phases of, 78–79, 79 f loose, 23 in neoplasms, 130 reticular and dense, 23–24 Consanguineous mating, 110 Consciousness deteriorating, 928–929, 929 f diffuse brain injury and, 927–928, 927 f levels of, 928, 928 t Constipation, 714–715 Constrictive pericarditis, 467 Contact, with infectious agents, 306 Contact dermatitis, allergic, 351 Contact inhibition, 133 Continuous ambulatory peri- toneal dialysis (CAPD), for CKD, 650–651 Continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis (CCPD), for CKD, 650–651

Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), 806 Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), for acute renal failure, 642–643 Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), 810 Contraction of skeletal muscle, 25–26, 25 f of smooth muscle, 26 Contrast venography, for pulmo- nary embolism, 589 Control systems, for homeostasis, 207–208, 207 f Contusions, 924. See also Bruise Conus medullaris syndrome, 908 Convalescent stage, of infection, 310, 310 f Convection, in heat loss, 65 Cooley anemia. See β -Thalassemias Coombs test, 287 Cooper ligaments, 1041, 1042 f COPD. See Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Cornea, 956–957, 956 f –957 f keratitis, 959–960 trauma, 959 Corns, 1148 Coronary artery bypass graft- ing (CABG), for myocardial infarction, 453, 453 f Coronary artery disease (CAD), 444–456 acute coronary syndrome. See Acute coronary syndromes chronic ischemic heart disease, 454–456, 455 f pathogenesis of, 446, 447 Corpus callosum, 840 f Corpus luteum, 1024 Corpus spongiosum, 997 Cortical brain centers, in bladder control, 658, 659 f Cortical collecting tubule, 603 Cortical nephrons, 601 f , 602 Corticosteroids, 57, 84 for COPD, 582 for RA, 1123 Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), in stress response, 209–211, 211 f Cortisol, 784–785, 785 f , 785 t stress response of, 211 Co-stimulators, 331 Cotransport. See Secondary active transport Cough reflex, 536–537 Countercurrent, 607 Counterregulatory hormones, 798–799 Coxa vara. See Slipped capital femoral epiphysis Coxiella, 303–304 Cradle cap, 1178 Cranial ganglia, 830 Cranial nerves, organization of, 832 C-reactive protein (CRP), 62 Creatine kinase, 449 Creatinine, serum, 614, 614 f , 614 t CREST syndrome, 1125 Corpora cavernosa, 997 Cor pulmonale, 493, 592