NMS. Surgery

xviii Contents

Review Questions for Part IV 291 Answers and Explanations 308

Part V: Breast and Endocrine Disorders

16 Breast Disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319 Christina Paluskievicz, Steven Feigenberg and Emily Bellavance

General Principles 320 Breast Evaluation 320 Benign Breast Disease 324 Malignant Diseases 327

17 Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Adrenal Gland Disorders. . . 335 Shannon M. Larabee and John A. Olson, Jr Thyroid Gland 336 Thyroid Dysfunction Requiring Surgery 341 Parathyroid Glands 352 Adrenal Gland 358 Tumors of the Endocrine Pancreas 367

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 370 Review Questions for Part V 373 Answers and Explanations 377

Part VI: Special Subjects

18 Acute Abdominal Surgical Emergencies. . . . . . . . 381 Megan Birkhold, Laura S. Buchanan and Jose J. Diaz Acute Abdomen 382

Obstruction 389 Hemorrhage 392

19 Trauma and Burns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 Amanda M. Chipman, Brandon Bruns and Thomas Scalea Trauma 396 Specific Injuries 402 Burn Injury 408