McKenna's Pharmacology for Nursing, 2e

989

Index

pharmacokinetics, 249 therapeutic actions and indications, 246, 249 Noradrenaline, 297, 456, 458, 462, 660, 662, 676 release, 448 synthesis and storage, 447–448 Norethisterone, 606, 607, 609, 611, 614 Norfloxacin, 106, 107, 819, 820–822 Nortriptyline, 317, 318, 320 NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, 126, 135–139 adverse effects, 138 contraindications and cautions, 137–138 drug–drug interactions, 138–139 pharmacokinetics, 137 therapeutic actions and indications, 137 Nucleus, 72, 73 Numerator, 53, 54 Nursing, 42, 43 assessment. See Assessment clinical decision making, 42–50 evaluation, 42, 46 implementation, 42, 45 prevention of medication errors, 46–50 nurse’s role, 49 person’s role, 49 reporting of medication errors, 49–50 Nutrition opportunist infections, 158–159 Nystatin, 153, 155 O Obesity, thyroid hormones for, 555 Obstructive pulmonary diseases, 839 Octacosanol, 966 Octreotide, 525, 528, 529 adverse effects, 610 conjugated, 607, 608 contraindications and cautions, 610 drug–drug interactions, 610 effects, 598 oestrogen receptor modulators, 606, 609, 614–616 pharmacokinetics, 609–610 therapeutic actions and indications, 609 drugs). See Non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Ocular damage, 37 Oedema, 803, 804 Oestradiol, 606–610, 614, 952 Oestrogens, 596–600, 609–610 Off-label uses, 60, 64 Ofloxacin, 106, 107 Olanzapine, 336, 338, 344, 345 Older adults adrenergic agonists, 456 adrenergic blocking agents, 471 anaemias, drugs used to treat, 779

antidepressant agents, 318 antiemetic agents, 931 antifungal agents, 151 anti-infective agents, 82 anti-inflammatory agents, 241 antimigraine agents, 410 antineoplastic agents, 194 antiparkinsonism agents, 375 antiprotozoal agents, 164 antiseizure agents, 354 antiviral agents, 128 anxiolytic and hypnotic agents, 304 blood pressure, drugs affecting, 667 cardiotonic agents, 686 cholinergic agonists, 489 coagulation, drugs affecting, 752 corticosteroids, 540 digoxin toxicity, 688 diuretic agents, 807 female reproductive system, drugs affecting, 608 gastrointestinal secretions, drugs affecting, 899 hypoglycaemic agents, 574 hypothalamic and pituitary agents, 523 immune modulators, 260 laxatives and antidiarrhoeal agents, 917 lipid-lowering agents, 736 lower respiratory tract agents, 866 male reproductive system, drugs affecting, 629 muscle relaxants, 386 neuromuscular junction (NMJ) blocking agents, 435 opioids, 401 Omeprazole, 896, 900, 906–907 Oncotic pressure, 642, 650, 653 Ondansetron, 199, 929, 932, 934–935 Ophthalmic agents, 955–958 administering, 456, 457 Opioids, opioid antagonists and antimigraine agents, 397–414 adults, 401 antimigraine agents, 410–413 adults, 410 care considerations, 413 children, 410 ergot derivatives, 397, 398, 410–412 older adults, 410 triptans, 397, 398, 412 children, 401 cultural considerations, 403 migraine headaches, 397, 409–410 older adults, 401 opioid agonists, 397, 398, 400–406 adverse effects, 405 contraindications and cautions, 405 psychotherapeutic agents, 335, 340 thyroid and parathyroid agents, 554 upper respiratory tract agents, 844 urinary tract agents, 82-0 vaccines, 274, 275, 277 Olmesartan, 665, 669 Olopatadine hydrochloride, 958 Olsalazine, 242, 923 Omalizumab, 265, 266, 267

drug–drug interactions, 406 pharmacokinetics, 405 therapeutic actions and indications, 402–403 opioid agonists-antagonists, 397, 398, 402, 406–408 adverse effects, 406–407 care considerations, 407–408 contraindications and cautions, 406 drug–drug interactions, 407 pharmacokinetics, 406 therapeutic actions and indications, 406 opioid antagonists, 397, 398, 402, 408–409 adverse effects, 408 care considerations, 409 contraindications and cautions, 408 drug–drug interactions, 408 pharmacokinetics, 408 therapeutic actions and indications, 408 opioid receptors, 397, 399 opioids, 397, 400–409 sites of action, 403 pain, 397, 398–400 impulse transmission and perception, 398–399 management, 400 perception, 400 receptors, 399–400 responses to, 403 Opium derivatives, 923 Optimal therapeutic effect, 28–29 Oral contraceptives, 611–612, 616–617 antibiotics and, 115–117 Oral decongestants, 842, 847, 849–851 adverse effects, 849 care considerations, 850–851 contraindications and cautions, 849 drug–drug interactions, 849–850 pharmacokinetics, 849 therapeutic actions and indications, 849 Organelles, 72, 75 Orphan drugs, 2, 10 Oseltamivir, 130 Osmosis, 72, 77 Osmotic diuretics, 803, 806, 814 Osmotic pull, 803, 814 Osteoporosis, 564 postmenopausal, 551, 563, 564 Ototoxicity, 37–38 Ova, 596, 597 Ovaries, 596, 597 hormones and, 514 Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, 2, 10, 62–63 cough and cold medication, 854 ingredients in common, 62 Orphenadrine, 388, 389 Orthopnoea, 681, 684

anthelmintic agents, 183 antianginal agents, 717 antiarrhythmic agents, 701 antibiotics, 93 anticholinergic agents, 502

Ovulation, 596, 598 Oxaliplatin, 195, 197 Oxazepam, 305, 306 Oxcarbazepine, 354, 365–368 Oxicam derivatives, 240, 246, 247