McKenna's Pharmacology for Nursing, 2e

990

Index

Oxpentifylline, 758, 767 Oxprenolol, 477, 478 Oxybutynin, 819, 820, 824–825 Oxycodone, 401, 402, 405 OxyContin, 67 Oxymetazoline, 846, 847 Oxytocics, 606, 620–622 adverse effects, 621 care considerations, 621–622 contraindications and cautions, 621 pharmacokinetics, 621 therapeutic actions and indications, 621 Oxytocin, 606, 620–622 P Package inserts, 11 Paclitaxel, 198, 209 PACs (premature atrial contractions), 696, 699 Paediatric considerations, 57–58 body surface area, 57, 58 digoxin toxicity, 688 doses, 49 milligrams/kilogram of body weight, 58 Paget’s disease, 551, 563 Pain, 397, 398–400 impulse transmission and perception, 398–399 management, 400 perception, 400 receptors, 399–400 Paliperidone, 336, 338 Palivizumab, 260, 265, 266, 267 Palonosetron, 932, 934 Pamidronate, 566, 567 Pancreas, 573 hormones and, 514 Pancreatic enzymes, 888, 891 Pancrelipase, 896, 912 Pancuronium, 432, 434, 435, 437 Panitumumab, 265, 266 Panlobula emphysema (PLE), 865 Pantoprazole, 900, 906–907 Paracetamol, 241, 246, 248, 250–252 adverse effects, 251 care considerations, 252 combinations, 251 contraindications and cautions, 251 drug–drug interactions, 251 pharmacokinetics, 251 therapeutic actions and indications, 250–251 Paracoxib, 248 Paralysis, 432, 434, 434–441 Parasympathetic nervous system, 444, 445, 450–452 acetylcholine release, 451, 452 acetylcholine synthesis and storage, 451 blockade, effects, 505

Parasympatholytic agents, 501. See also Anticholinergic agents Parasympathomimetic drugs, 487, 488 Parathormone, 551, 553 Parathyroid agents, 565–569 antihypercalcaemic agents, 566, 567–569 antihypocalcaemic agents, 565–567 Parathyroid glands, 552, 562–565 control, 563 dysfunction, 563–564 hormones and, 514 hyperparathyroidism, 563, 564 hypoparathyroidism, 563, 564 structure and function, 562–563 Parenteral agents, 945–948 dosage calculations, 56 Paricalcitol, 564 Parkinson disease and parkinsonism, 372, 373–374 pathophysiology, 373 treatment, 374 Parkinsonism, 372, 373 Parkinson-like syndrome, 38 Paroxetine, 326 Parsley, 966 Partial seizure, 352, 355 drugs for treating, 365–369 Passionflower, 966 Passive diffusion, 15, 21 Passive immunity, 272, 273 Pathogens identification, 85–86 sensitivity, 86 spread, 170 Pathological factors drug effects and, 25, 26 PCP, 67 Pegvisomant, 525, 528, 529 Pemetrexed, 200, 202, 203 Penicillamine, 253, 254 Penicillins and penicillinase-resistant antibiotics, 90, 108–111 adverse effects, 110 care considerations, 110–111 contraindications and cautions, 110 drug–drug interactions, 110 education regarding, 111 pharmacokinetics, 109–110 therapeutic actions and indications, 108–109 Pentamidine, 172, 173 Pentosan polysulfate sodium, 819, 826–827 Pentoxyverine, 844 Peppermint oil, 927, 966 Peptic ulcer, 896, 897 Pergolide, 374–376 Perhexiline, 716, 724 Pericyazine, 336, 337 Perindopril, 662, 664, 668 Peripheral nervous system. See Central and peripheral nervous system, drugs acting on Peripheral resistance, 657, 658 Peginterferon alfa-2a, 259, 261 Peginterferon alfa-2b, 259, 261

Peristalsis, 888, 891 Permethrin, 952 Pernicious anaemia, 774, 777 Peroxisome proliferator receptor alpha activator, 745–746 Pertussis, 274, 286 vaccines, 279–280 Pessary, 606, 622 Pethidine, 401, 402 Peyote, 67 Phaeochromocytoma, 459 Phagocytes, 229, 230 Phagocytosis, 72, 75, 229, 230 Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS), 64–65 Pharmaceutical Management Agency (PHARMAC), 6, 64 Pharmacodynamics, 16–19 drug–enzyme interactions, 16 receptor sites, 17 selective toxicity, 16, 18, 72, 81, 82 absorption, 20–22 bioavailability, 22 biotransformation (metabolism), 23 distribution, 22, 24 excretion, 23–24 half-life, 24 loading dose, 15, 20 Pharmacology, 2 Pharmacotherapeutics, 2, 3 Pharmacovigilance, 32, 42, 50 Pharyngitis, 838 Phase studies, 2 drug evaluation, 5–8 Phenelzine, 316, 323, 324 Pheniramine, 853, 854 Phenobarbitone, 310–311, 352, 354, 357, 358–359, 362 Phenothiazines, 929, 930–932, 934 adverse effects, 932, 934 contraindications and cautions, 932 drug–drug interactions, 934 pharmacokinetics, 932 therapeutic actions and indications, 932 Phenoxybenzamine, 676 Phenoxymethylpenicillin, 109 Phentolamine, 469, 471, 474–475, 676 Phenylephrine, 455, 461, 462–464, 676, 846, 847, 958 Phenytoin, 352, 354, 356–358, 362 Pholcodine, 844, 845 Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, 681, 686, 692–693 adverse effects, 692 care considerations, 692–693 contraindications and cautions, 692 drug–drug interactions, 692 pharmacokinetics, 692 therapeutic actions and indications, 692 Photosensitivity, 929, 934 Physical examination, 44–45 Physiological factors drug effects and, 25, 26 Pharmacogenomics, 16, 26 Pharmacokinetics, 16, 19–25 dynamic equilibrium, 20–24

cholinergic receptors, 451, 452 cholinergic response, 450–452 muscarinic receptors, 444, 451 nicotinic receptors, 444, 451 structure and function, 450 termination of response, 452