Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology, 4e

I n d e x

Note : Page numbers followed by the letter f refer to figures; those followed by the letter t refer to tables; those followed by the letter b refer to boxes, and those followed by the letter c refer to charts.

A1C, 806 A band, 24 f , 25 Abdominal aortic aneurysm, 417 f –418 f , 418 Abscess, 60 Absence seizures, 946 Absolute refractory periods, 388–389, 389 f , 826 Absorption, 687–688, 688 f , 689–692 of carbohydrates, 690, 691 f , 691 t disorders of, 717–719, 718 t of fats, 691–692, 692 f of protein, 691 Acanthamoeba keratitis, 959–960 Acceptable macronutrient distri- bution range (AMDR), 225 Accommodation disorders, 961 ACE inhibitor. See Angiotensin- converting enzyme inhibitor Acetylcholine in autonomic nervous system, 851, 851 f in circulatory control, 400 Achalasia, 697 Acid-base balance chemistry of, 191 disorders of, 195–202 with CKD, 645 f , 646 metabolic, 196–200, 196 t , 198 t , 200 f primary v. compensatory pH changes, 196, 196 t respiratory, 196, 196 t , 200–202, 201 t single v. mixed, 196–197, 196 t laboratory tests for, 195, 195 f pH regulation, 191 f , 193–195 production of, 191–193, 191 f Acid-fast stain, 302 Acidosis, 195–196 metabolic, 197 c , 197–199, 198 t respiratory, 200–201, 201 t Acne conglobata, 1161 Acne vulgaris, 1159–1161, 1160 f Acoustic neuromas, 982 Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), 362. See also Human immunodeficiency virus malignancies with, 368–369, 369 f opportunistic infections with, 367–368, 367 f wasting syndrome and meta- bolic disorders, 369–370 Acral lentiginous melanoma, 1175 Acrocentric, 97, 97 f Acromegaly, 773–774, 774 f ACS. See Acute coronary syndrome ACTH. See Adrenocorticotropic hormone Actin filaments, 8, 24–26, 24 f –25 f Actinic keratosis, 1181, 1181 f

Action potentials, 17, 19, 825–826, 826 f of cardiac muscles, 387–388, 388 f Active immunity, 340 Acute adrenal crisis, 788 Acute chest syndrome, 284 Acute coronary syndromes (ACS), 449 f electrocardiographic changes in, 447, 447 f , 449 myocardial infarction, 447 f , 450–454, 453 f –454 f non-ST elevation myocardial infarction, 450 serum biomarkers, 449 Acute heart failure syndromes (AHFS), 495–496 Acute kidney injury (AKI), 508, 639–643 diagnosis and treatment of, 642–643 intrarenal failure, 640 c , 640 f , 641–642 postrenal failure, 640 c , 640 f , 641 prerenal failure, 640 c , 640–641, 640 f Acute laryngotracheobronchitis. See Viral croup Acute lung injury (ALI), 508, 592–594, 593 c , 593 f Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), 251–252 Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 251–252 Acute-phase proteins, 62–63 Acute-phase response, 53, 62–63 Acute rejection, 352–353 Acute renal failure. See Acute kidney injury Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), 508, 524, 592–594, 593 c , 593 f Acute stage, of infection, 310, 310 f Acute stress disorder (ASD), 216 Acute tubular necrosis (ATN), 640 c , 641–642, 641 f Acute vestibular neuronitis, 987 ADA. See Adenine deaminase Adaptation cellular, 31–34, 32 f , 33 f factors affecting ability of, 213–215, 213 f to stress, 212–215, 213 f Adaptive hypertrophy, 33, 33 f Adaptive immunity, 318–320, 319 f , 331 antigens, 331–332, 332 f cells of, 332–335 innate immunity in stimulat- ing, 331 Addison disease. See Adrenal cortical insufficiency Adenine, in DNA, 88

Adenine deaminase (ADA), deficiency of, 361–362 Adenocarcinoma, 130, 131 t lungs, 553, 553 f Adenomas, 130, 131 t of pituitary gland, 769 Adenomatous polyps, 719–720, 720 f Adenomyosis, 1032 Adenosine diphosphatase, 263 Adenosine diphosphate (ADP), 8–9, 9 f Adenosine monophosphate (AMP), 9, 9 f Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), 6, 8–11, 9 f Adequate intake (AI), 225 ADH. See Alcohol dehydroge- nase; Antidiuretic hormone Adhering junctions, 27, 28 f Adhesion factors, 308, 308 t Adipocytokines, 231 Adiponectin, 231 Adipose tissue, 23, 224 obesity and, 231 in type 2 diabetes, 803 Adjuvant analgesics, 868 Adjuvants, 331 Adolescents, hypertension in, 431–432, 432 t ADP. See Adenosine diphosphate Adrenal cortical insufficiency, 787–788, 787 t , 788 f Adrenal gland disorders of, 786 adrenal cortical insufficiency, 787–788, 787 t , 788 f congenital adrenal hyperpla- sia, 786–787, 786 f glucocorticoid hormone excess, 788–790, 789 f function of, 783, 784 f pharmacologic suppression of, 786 tests of, 786 hormones of, 784–786, 784 f –785 f incidental adrenal mass, 790 β -Adrenergic receptor blockers, for heart failure, 498 Adrenergic receptors, in autonomic nervous system, 851 f , 852 Adrenocortical hormone, disor- ders of, 427–428 Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), stress response of, 210–211, 799 Adult hemoglobin (HbA), 278 Adult polycystic disease, 619–620, 631 f Adults androgens, 784 f , 785–786 glucocorticoids, 784–785, 785 f , 785 t mineralocorticoids, 784

growth hormone deficiency in, 773 growth hormone excess in, 773–774, 774 f Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), 46, 814 Adventitia, 678 Adynamic osteodystrophy, 647 Aerobes, 302 Aerobic metabolism, 6–7, 9–11 Afferent neurons, 27 Affinity of hemoglobin, 531 of hormone receptors, 758 AFP. See α -Fetoprotein Afterload, 392–393, 487 Agammaglobulinemia, X-linked, 359 Age (aging) adaptation and, 213–214 cellular, 45–46, 46 f menstrual cycle and, 1040–1041 orthostatic hypotension and, 434 skin disorders and, 1177–1181, 1178 f –1181 f Agenesis, renal, 618 AGEs. See Advanced glycation end products Agranulocytes, 242 f , 243 f , 244 Agranulocytosis, 246–248, 247 c AHFS. See Acute heart failure syndromes AI. See Adequate intake AIDS. See Acquired immunodefi- ciency syndrome Airflow during breathing, 524–525, 525 f laminar and turbulent, 524–525 Airways conducting, 513–517, 514 f –515 f forced expiration compression of, 525, 525 f laryngotracheal, 515, 515 f lower, infection of, 560–561 nasopharyngeal, 514–515 obstructive disorders of, 572 bronchial asthma, 572–578, 573 f –574 f , 576 t bronchiectasis, 582–583, 583 f chronic obstructive pulmo- nary disease, 578–582, 578 f –581 f cystic fibrosis, 583–585, 584 f physiology of, 572 parasympathetic nervous system and, 520 resistance of, 524–525, 525 f in children and neonates, 556 respiratory, 517–520, 518 f tracheobronchial, 515–517 upper, infection of, 559–560, 559 f , 560 t AKI. See Acute kidney injury

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