McKenna's Pharmacology for Nursing, 2e

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A P P E N D I X E Vitamins

■■ TABLE E Vitamins (continued) Vitamin

Solubility type

Recommended dietary intake (RDI) Therapeutic uses/special considerations

phytonadione (vitamin K)

Fat

70 mcg (male) 60 mcg (female) 60 mcg (breastfeeding) 60 mcg (pregnancy) 25–55 mcg (paediatric) 1.3–1.7 mg (male) 1.3–1.5 mg (female) 2.0 mg (breastfeeding) 1.9 mg (pregnancy) 0.5–1.2 mg (paediatric) 1.3–1.6 mg (male) 1.1–1.3 mg (female) 1.6 mg (breastfeeding) 1.4 mg (pregnancy) 0.5–1.1 mg (paediatric) 1.2 mg (male) 1.1 mg (female) 1.4 mg (breastfeeding) 1.4 mg (pregnancy) 0.5–1.1 mg (paediatric)

Hypoprothrombinaemia due to anticoagulant use: 2.5–10 mg PO, IM. Haemorrhagic disease of the newborn: 1 mg IM within 1 hour of birth. Hypoprothrombinaemia in adult: 2.5–25 mg PO or IM Deficiency: 10–20 mg/day PO or IM for 3 weeks. Vitamin B6 deficiency syndrome: up to 600 mg/day for life

pyridoxine HCl (vitamin B 6

Water

) (Pyroxin)

riboflavin (vitamin B 2 ) (contained in combined generic products)

Water

Treatment of deficiency: 5–15 mg/day. May cause a yellow or orange discolouration to the urine

thiamin (vitamin B 1 ) (B-Dose, Betamin)

Water

Treatment of beriberi: 10–20 mg IM t.d.s. for 2 weeks with multivitamin containing 5–10 mg/day for 1 month. Do not mix in alkaline solutions. Used orally as a mosquito repellent, alters body sweat composition. Feeling of warmth and flushing may occur with administration but usually passes within 2 hours

Reference: National Health and Medical Research Council (2006). Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand Including Recommended Dietary Intakes. Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra (currently under review).