McKenna's Pharmacology for Nursing, 2e

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A P P E N D I X C Topical agents

■■ TABLE C Topical agents (continued) Drug Brand name

Dosage

Usual indications/special considerations

Antibiotics

ciprofloxacin/ hydrocortisone

Ciloxan, Ciproxin HC Ear Drops

Apply drops to ears or outer ear canal Apply small amount to affected area t.d.s.

Treatment of acute otitis media

mupirocin

Bactroban

Used to treat impetigo caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pathogens; may be covered with a gauze pad; monitor for signs of superinfection, re-evaluate if no clinical response in 3–5 days Eradication of nasal colonisation of staphylococci

mupirocin calcium Bactroban Nasal

Apply small amount inside each nostril b.d.

Antivirals

aciclovir

Acivir, Blistex Antiviral Cold Sore Cream, Zovirax

Apply to affected area six times per day for 5–14 days Apply thin layer to warts and rub in three times per week at bedtime for 16 weeks

Treatment of herpes simplex cold sores and fever blisters

imiquimod

Aldara

For treatment of genital warts and perianal warts; remove with soap and water after 6–10 hours

Antipsoriatics

calcipotriol

Daivobet, Daivonex

Apply thin layer twice a day

Monitor serum calcium levels with extended use; use only for disorder prescribed; may cause local irritation; is a synthetic vitamin D 3 May stain fabrics, skin, hair, fingernails; use protective dressing

dithranol

Micanol

Apply daily only to psoriatic lesions

Antiseborrheics

selenium sulfide

Selsun Blue

Massage 5–10 mL into scalp; rest 2–3 minutes, rinse

May damage jewellery, remove before use; discontinue if local irritation occurs

Antifungals

butoconazole nitrate

Gynazole 1

Apply intravaginally

Treatment of vaginal yeast infections; culture fungus—if no response, reculture; ensure full course of therapy Treatment of onychomycosis of the fingernails and toenails Cleanse area before applying; use for up to 4 weeks; discontinue if irritation or worsening of condition occurs Treatment of athlete’s foot (intradigital pedia), tinea corporis, ringworm, tinea cruris; cleanse area before applying; treat for 2–4 weeks; for athlete’s foot, change socks and shoes at least once a day Reduction of scaling due to dandruff; burning may occur Tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea manus, tinea pedis, cutaneous candidiasis

ciclopirox

Stieprox Liquid

Apply directly to affected fingernails or toenails Gently massage into affected area b.d. to t.d.s. Apply locally daily to b.d.

clotrimazole

Canesten, Clonea, Clozole

econozole nitrate

Pevaryl

ketoconazole

DaktaGOLD, Nizoral, Sebizole

Apply shampoo daily Apply cream daily or b.d.

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