McKenna's Pharmacology for Nursing, 2e

950

A P P E N D I X C  Topical agents

■ ■ Monitor for adverse effects (local stinging or inflammation). ■ ■ Evaluate the effectiveness of the teaching plan (person can name drug, dosage, adverse effects to watch for and specific measures to avoid

them; individual understands the importance of continued follow-up). ■ ■ Monitor the effectiveness of comfort measures and compliance with the regimen.

■■ TABLE C Topical agents Drug

Brand name

Dosage

Usual indications/special considerations

Emollients

boric acid ointment

Boric Acid, Olive Oil and Zinc Oxide Ointment Gold Cross B.O.Z. Ointment Aquacare/HP Cream Calmurid, FootSmart, Nutraplus, Urecare, Urederm

Apply as needed

Relieves burns, itching, irritation

Relieves itching and aids in healing for mild skin irritations

urea

Apply b.d. to q.i.d. to area affected

Rub in completely

vitamins A and D

generic

Apply locally with gentle massage b.d. to q.i.d.

Relieves minor burns, chafing, skin irritations; consult healthcare provider if not improved within 7 days Relieves burns, abrasion, nappy and heat rash

zinc oxide

Curash, Desitin, Prickly Heat Powder, Rectogesic Zinc Powder, Sudocrem

Apply as needed

Lotions and solutions

aluminium acetate (Burrow’s solution)

generic

Apply q 15–30 minutes for 4–8 hours

Astringent wet dressing for relief of inflammatory conditions, insect bites, athlete’s foot, bruises, sores; do not use occlusive dressing Relieves itching, pain, insect bites and minor skin irritations Relieves itching and irritation of insect bites, haemorrhoids, postepisiotomy discomfort, posthaemorrhoidectomy care Thoroughly rinse detergents and soaps from skin before use Use for surgical scrub, preoperative skin preparation, wound cleansing; preoperative bathing and showering Surgical wash, scrub; do not use with burns or on mucous membranes; rinse thoroughly Highly toxic; avoid occlusive dressings; some preparations stain skin and clothing; iodine allergy is common Treated areas may be bandaged; HIV is inactivated in this solution; causes less irritation than iodine; less toxic

calamine lotion

generic

Apply to affected area t.d.s. to q.i.d. Apply locally up to six times per day

hamamelis water

Witch Hazel

Antiseptics

benzalkonium chloride Bepanthen Antiseptic Cream, Ionil Rinse

Apply as directed

chlorhexidine gluconate

Bepanthen First Aid Antiseptic Cream, Microshield

Scrub or rinse; leave on for 15 seconds; for surgical scrub—3 minutes Apply to wet skin and lather for 2 minutes

hexachlorophane

generic

iodine

Avagard 9240 Solution and generic preparations Betadine, Evans Dermal Powder, Inadine Dressing, Microshield PVP Solution

Wash affected area

povidone-iodine

Apply as needed