McKenna's Pharmacology for Nursing, 2e

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P A R T 8  Drugs acting on the cardiovascular system

BIBLIOGRAPHY

McKenna, L. & Mirkov, S. (2014). McKenna’s Drug Handbook for Nursing and Midwifery (7th edn). Sydney: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. McRae, S. (2010). Pulmonary embolism. Australian Family Physician, 39(7) , 462–466. Merriman, E. (2011). Antiplatelet drugs, anticoagulants and elective surgery. Australian Prescriber, 34(5) , 139–143. Myers, S. P. (2002). Interactions between complementary medicines and warfarin. Australian Prescriber, 25 , 54–56. Nguyen, T., Yacoub, M., Chan, T-I. & Quach, K. (2012). Atrial fibrillation: Focus on anticoagulant pharmacotherapy. Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 8(7) , 560–565. Nutescu, E. A. (2013). Oral anticoagulant therapies: Balancing the risks. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 70(10) , S3–S11. Pickering, A. & Thomas, D. P. (2007). An audit of INR control in the Australian indigenous setting. Australian Family Physician, 36(11) , 959–969. Porth, C. M. (2011). Essentials of Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States (3rd edn). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Porth, C. M. (2009). Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States (8th edn). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Samardhi, H. (2011). Current management of atrial fibrillation. Australian Prescriber, 34(4) , 100–104. Tadros, R. & Shakib, S. (2010). Clot prevention: Common questions about medications. Australian Family Physician, 39(7) , 480–483. Tadros, R. & Shakib, S. (2010). Warfarin: indications, risks and drug interactions. Australian Family Physician, 39(7) , 476–479.

Chapman, N. H., Brighton, T., Harris, M., Caplan, G. A., Braithwaite, J. (2009). Venous thromboembolism: management in general practice. Australian Family Physician, 38(1–2) , 36–40. Farrell, M. & Dempsey, J. (2014). Smeltzer & Bare’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (3rd edn). Sydney: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Goodman, L. S., Brunton, L. L., Chabner, B. & Knollmann, B. C. (2011). Goodman and Gilman’s Pharmacological Basis of Chong, D. W. K., Anwar, M. & Badarudin, N. Z. (2010). Factors influencing concomitant use of complementary and alternative medicines with warfarin. Journal of Pharmacy Practice & Research, 40(4) , 294–299. Hicks, R. W., Wanzer, L. J. & Goeckner, B. (2011). Perioperative pharmacology: Blood coagulation modifiers. AORN Journal, 93(6) , 726–736. Ho, W. K. (2010). Deep vein thrombosis: Risks and diagnosis. Australian Family Physician, 39(7) , 468–474. Lankshear, A., Harden, J. & Simms, J. (2010). Safe practice for patients receiving anticoagulant therapy. Nursing Standard, 24(20) , 47–56. Leung, E. S., Hamilton-Bruce, M. A. & Koblar, S. A. (2010). Warfarin: indications, risks and drug interactions. Australian Family Physician, 39(11) , 820–824. Lowinger, J. S. & Maxwell, D. J. (2009). Heparins for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis—safety issues. Australian Prescriber, 32(4) , 108–112. McKenna, L. (2012). Pharmacology Made Incredibly Easy (1st Australian and New Zealand edn). Sydney: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Therapeutics (12th edn). New York: McGraw-Hill. Hassan, S. S., Feng, S. R., Ahmadi, K., Ahmad, K. M.,

C H E C K Y O U R U N D E R S T A N D I N G

2. Warfarin, an oral anticoagulant, acts: a. to directly prevent the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. b. to decrease the production of vitamin K clotting factors in the liver. c. as a catalyst in the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. d. immediately, so it is the drug of choice in emergency situations. 3. Heparin reacts to prevent the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. Heparin: a. is available in oral and parenteral forms. b. takes about 72 hours to have a therapeutic effect. c. has its effects reversed with the administration of protamine sulfate. d. has its effects reversed with the injection of vitamin K.

Answers to the questions in this chapter can be found in Appendix A at the back of this book.

MULTIPLE CHOICE Select the best answer to the following. 1. Blood coagulation is a complex reaction that involves: a. vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation and plasminogen action. b. vasodilation, platelet aggregation and activation of the clotting cascade. c. vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation and conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. d. vasodilation, platelet inhibition, and action of the intrinsic and extrinsic clotting cascades.