McKenna's Pharmacology for Nursing, 2e

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P A R T 6  Drugs acting on the endocrine system

C H E C K Y O U R U N D E R S T A N D I N G

7. Acarbose differs from the sulfonylureas in that it: a. greatly stimulates pancreatic insulin release. b. greatly increases the sensitivity of insulin receptor sites. c. delays the absorption of glucose, leading to lower glucose levels. d. cannot be used in combination with other oral hypoglycaemic agents. 8. Teaching subjects for the person with diabetes should include: a. diet and exercise changes that are needed. b. the importance of avoiding exercise and eating one meal a day. c. protection from exposure to any infection and avoiding tiring activities. d. avoiding pregnancy and taking hygiene measures. MULTIPLE RESPONSE Select all that apply. 1. Treatment of diabetes may include which of the following? a. replacement therapy with insulin b. control of glucose absorption through the GI tract c. drugs that stimulate insulin release or increase sensitivity of insulin receptor sites d. surgical clearing of the capillary basement membranes 2. A person is recently diagnosed with diabetes. In reviewing his past history, which of the following would be early indicators of the problem? a. lethargy b. fruity-smelling breath c. boundless energy d. weight loss e. increased sweating f. getting up often at night to go to the bathroom e. slowing of gastric emptying f. diet and exercise programs

Answers to the questions in this chapter can be found in Appendix A at the back of this book.

MULTIPLE CHOICE Select the best answer to the following. 1. Currently, the medical management of diabetes mellitus is aimed at:

a. controlling kilojoule intake. b. increasing exercise levels. c. regulating blood glucose levels. d. decreasing fluid loss. 2. The HbA 1c

blood test is a good measure of overall

glucose control because: a. it reflects the level of glucose after a meal. b. fasting for 8 hours before the test ensures accuracy. c. it reflects a 3-month average glucose level in the body. d. the test can be affected by the glucose challenge. 3. A person with hyperglycaemia will present with: a. polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia. b. polycythaemia, polyuria and polyphagia. c. polyadenitis, polyuria and polydipsia. d. polydipsia, polycythaemia and polyarteritis. 4. The long-term alterations in fat, carbohydrate and protein metabolism associated with diabetes mellitus result in: a. obesity. b. thickening of the capillary basement membrane. c. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. d. lactose intolerance. 5. Insulin is available in several forms or suspensions, which differ in their: a. effect on the pancreas. b. onset and duration of action. c. means of administration. d. tendency to cause adverse effects. 6. A person on a fixed income would benefit from a second-generation sulfonylurea to control blood glucose levels. The drug of choice for this person is: a. glipizide. b. glibenclamide. c. exenatide. d. glimepiride.