McKenna's Pharmacology for Nursing, 2e

C H A P T E R 2 6 Opioids, opioid antagonists and antimigraine agents 415

C H E C K Y O U R U N D E R S T A N D I N G

Answers to the questions in this chapter can be found in Appendix A at the back of this book.

7. The triptans are a class of drugs that bind to selective serotonin receptor sites and cause: a. cranial vascular dilation. b. cranial vascular constriction. c. clinical depression. d. nausea and vomiting. 8. The only triptan that has been approved for use in treating cluster headaches as well as migraines is:

MULTIPLE CHOICE Select the best answer to the following. 1. According to the gate control theory, pain: a. is caused by gates in the CNS.

b. can be blocked or intensified by gates in the CNS. c. is caused by gates in peripheral nerve sensors. d. cannot be affected by learned experiences. 2. Opioid receptors are found throughout the body: a. only in people who have become addicted to opiates. b. in increasing numbers with chronic pain conditions. c. to incorporate pain perception and blocking. d. to initiate the release of endorphins. 3. Most opioids are controlled substances because they: a. are very expensive. b. can cause respiratory depression. c. can be addictive. d. can be used only in a hospital setting. 4. Injecting an opioid into an area of the body that is chilled can be dangerous because: a. an abscess will form. b. the injection will be very painful. c. an excessive amount may be absorbed all at once. d. opioids are inactivate in cold temperatures. 5. Proper administration of an ordered opioid: a. can lead to addiction. b. should be done promptly to prevent increased pain and the need for larger doses. c. would include holding the drug as long as possible until the person really needs it. d. should rely on the person’s request for medication. 6. Migraine headaches: a. occur during sleep and involve sweating and eye pain. b. occur with stress and feel like a dull band around the entire head. c. often occur when drinking coffee. d. are throbbing headaches on one side of the head.

a. naratriptan. b. rizatriptan. c. sumatriptan. d. zolmitriptan.

MULTIPLE RESPONSE Select all that apply. 1. Opioids are drugs that react with opioid receptors throughout the body. Which of the following would the healthcare provider expect to find when assessing a person who was taking an opioid? a. hypnosis b. sedation c. analgesia d. euphoria e. orthostatic hypotension f. increased salivation 2. The healthcare provider would expect to administer an opioid as the analgesic of choice for which people? a. a person with severe postoperative pain b. a person with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and difficulty breathing c. a person with severe, chronic pain d. a person with ulcerative colitis

e. a person with recent biliary surgery f. a cancer person with severe bone pain