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Referencias

• Las terapias psicológicas y conductuales, como la terapia cognitivo-conductual (TCC), son particularmente útiles para tratar el SII, especialmente en los pacientes que correlacionan un aumento de la gravedad de los síntomas con los factores estresantes de la vida diaria. 28 • En estudios controlados aleatorizados se ha constatado que tanto la TCC como la hipno terapia son beneficiosas en el tratamiento del SII, particularmente en lo que respecta a su influencia positiva en el bienestar general. • Aunque la respuesta a los síntomas es variable, los factores que favorecen un buen desem peño incluyen una alta motivación del paciente, síntomas psiquiátricos manifiestos y dolor intermitente exacerbado por el estrés o la ansiedad. REFERENCIAS 1. Camilleri M. Diagnosis and treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a review. JAMA 2021;325(9):865–877. 2. Drossman DA, Chang L, Chey WD, et al. ROME IV Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Disorders or Gut-Brain Interaction . Raleigh, NC: The Rome Foundation; 2016. 3. Palsson OS, Whitehead W, Tornblom H, et al. Prevalence of Rome IV functional bowel disorders among adults in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Gastroen terology 2020;158:1262–1273 e3. 4. Oka P, Parr H, Barberio B, et al. Global prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome accord ing to Rome III or IV criteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020;5:908–917. 5. Aziz I, Palsson OS, Tornblom H, et al. Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and asso ciations for symptom-based Rome IV functional dyspepsia in adults in the USA, Can ada, and the UK: a cross-sectional population-based study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018;3:252–262. 6. Gralnek IM, Hays RD, Kilbourne A, et al. The impact of irritable bowel syndrome on health-related quality of life. Gastroenterology 2000;119:654–660. 7. Chey WD, Kurlander J, Eswaran S. Irritable bowel syndrome: a clinical review. JAMA 2015;313:949–958. 8. Gunnarsson J, Simren M. Peripheral factors in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syn drome. Dig Liver Dis 2009;41:788–793. 9. Posserud I, Stotzer PO, Bjornsson ES, et al. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gut 2007;56:802–808. 10. Whitehead WE, Palsson O, Jones KR. Systematic review of the comorbidity of irritable bowel syndrome with other disorders: what are the causes and implications? Gastroenterol ogy 2002;122:1140–1156. 11. Whitehead WE, Palsson OS, Feld AD, et al. Utility of red flag symptom exclusions in the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006;24:137–146. 12. van Rheenen PF, Van de Vijver E, Fidler V. Faecal calprotectin for screening of patients with suspected inflammatory bowel disease: diagnostic meta-analysis. BMJ 2010;341:c3369. 13. Rezaie A, Park SC, Morales W, et al. Assessment of anti-vinculin and anti-cytolethal dis tending toxin B antibodies in subtypes of irritable bowel syndrome. Dig Dis Sci 2017;62: 1480–1485. 14. Grunkemeier DM, Cassara JE, Dalton CB, et al. The narcotic bowel syndrome: clinical features, pathophysiology, and management. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;5:1126–1139 15. Sayuk GS, Kanuri N, Gyawali CP, et al. Opioid medication use in patients with gastro intestinal diagnoses vs unexplained gastrointestinal symptoms in the US Veterans Health Administration. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2018;47:784–791. 16. Ford AC, Moayyedi P, Chey WD, et al. American College of Gastroenterology Monograph on Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 2018;113(suppl 2):1–18. SAMPLE