Kaplan + Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry, 11e

1–2 g/day Little information exists to support the use of this herb in humans.

NIH; may act as MAOI or SSRI; 4- to 6-week trial for mild depressive moods; if

no apparent improvement, another therapy should be tried.

Flavonoids, tannins Anxiolytic Contraindicated with strawberry allergy Undetermined 1 g/day Little information exists to support the use of this herb in humans. Flavonoids, hydroxycoumarins Valepotriates,

support the use of this herb in humans.

drinks, active compound

closely resembles opium

1–2 g/day May be chemically unstable

100–950 mg/day Under investigation by the

Hypnotic, appetite stimulant Undetermined Undetermined Undetermined Little information exists to Sedative, muscle relaxant, hypnotic Cognitive and motor impairment, GI upset, hepatotoxicity; long- term use: contact allergy, headache, restlessness, insomnia, mydriasis, cardiac dysfunction Avoid concomitant use with alcohol or CNS depressants

Undetermined Bitter taste, added to salad or Undetermined Smoke inhaled

Disulfiram-like reaction may occur if used with alcohol

Report of manic reaction when used with sertraline (Zoloft); do not combine with SSRIs or MAOIs:

possible serotonin

syndrome; do not use

with alcohol, opioids

Cognitive impairment, hepatotoxicity Headaches,

photosensitivity

(may be severe), constipation

Tachycardia, tachypnea, visual disturbance, diaphoresis Thyrotoxicosis,

unfavorable effects

on heart and adrenal gland

ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; ATP, adenosine triphosphate; bid, twice a day; BP, blood pressure; CNS, central nervous system; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration; GABA, g -aminobutyric acid; GI, gastrointestinal; MAOI, monoamine oxidase inhibitor; NIH, National Institutes of Health; PAF, platelet-activating factor; PCB, polychlorinated biphenyl; PDE, phosphodiesterase; PMS, premenstrual syndrome; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder; qid, four times a day; SNRI, serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; TCA, tricyclic antidepressant; tid, three times a day; UTI, urinary tract infection. a There are no reliable, consistent, or valid data exist on dosages or adverse affects of most phytomedicinals. b Flavonoids are common to many herbs. They are plant byproducts that act as antioxidants (i.e., agents that prevent the deterioration of material such as deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA] via oxidation).

Anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic

Antidepressant, sedative, anxiolytic

Sedative, anesthetic, galactagogue

Sedative, treatment for arthritis, possible anticarcinogenic

monoterpenes

flavonoids,

xanthones

valerenic acid, caffeic acid

coumarins, lactones

Alkaloids, steroidal lactones

Flavonoid,

Hypericin,

Flavonoids,

Tarragon, L. Artemisia

Skullcap, L. Scutellaria lateriflora

Valerian, L. Valeriana officinalis

St. John’s wort, L. Hypericum perforatum

L. Fragaria vesca

dracunculus

Lactuca, Virosa

withania, somnifera

Strawberry leaf,

Wild lettuce,

Winter cherry,

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