Kaplan + Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry, 11e

Anxiolytic, antidepressant Undetermined Undetermined 1–2 g/day In folk medicine, a single dose is 30 seeds (1.9 g) of powder Anxiolytic, mood Potentiates cannabis, PDE inhibitor 50–100 mg Insufficient data

contraindicated in patients with endogenous depression; may increase the danger of suicide tar formulations

Considered a “medical food” by the FDA and only available by prescription. Safe to take

during pregnancy when used as directed.

10 per day Berries have caused death in children.

1–4 g/day May cause abortion

3–5 g/day May cause death in overdose 8–10 g/day Insufficient data

Comments

Horehound, L. Ballota nigra Diterpenes, tannins Sedative Arrhythmias, diarrhea, hypoglycemia, Table 29.34-3 Phytomedicinals with Psychoactive Effects ( continued ) Name Ingredients Use Adverse Effects a Interactions Dosage a possible spontaneous abortions May enhance serotonergic drug effects, may augment hypoglycemic effects of drugs Jambolan, L. Syzygium cumini Oleic acid, myristic acid, palmitic and linoleic acids, tannins Alkaloid, Kanna, Sceletium tortuosum mesembrine

GI side effects reported. None 15 mg once a day by mouth with or without food

600–800 mg/day May be GABAergic;

Undetermined Chewed, extracted into water,

anxiolytics, alcohol;

avoid with levodopa and dopaminergic agents

Structurally similar to yohimbine

Synergistic with other sedatives

depressant; adverse

reaction with thyroid hormone

patients with chronic infections (e.g., tuberculosis)

Synergistic with

Undetermined Potentiates CNS

Contraindicated in

Sedation, vivid dreams, headache

cognition, dermatitis

with long-term usage, liver toxicity

Alkaloid Stimulant and depressant Priapism, testicular enlargement, withdrawal, depression, fatigue, insomnia

Hydroxycoumarin, tannins, caffeic acid Sedative, hypnotic Headache, nausea, confusion

emetic and laxative effects

Lethargy, impaired

Berries said to have

an antidepressant when used alone. Folate and l -methyfolate are also

enhancer, empathogen, COPD treatment Sedative, hypnotic antispasmodic

Hypnotic, anxiolytic, sedative

Adjunctive L is used for major depression, not

used to treat folic acid

deficiency in pregnancy, to prevent spinal cord birth defects.

Anxiolytic; for mental and physical exhaustion

l -methylfolate and levomefolate are names for

Kava lactones, kava pyrone

Flavonoids, caffeic acid, triterpenes

l -methylfolate Folate is a B vitamin found in some foods, needed

to form healthy

cells, especially

red blood cells.

the active form of folic acid.

triterpenes, lectins, polypeptides

Flavonoids,

Kava kava, L. Piperis

Mistletoe, L. Viscum album

Lavender, L. Lavandula

Lemon balm, sweet Mary, L. Melissa officinalis

Kratom, Mitragyna

methysticum

speciosa

angustifolia

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