Kaplan + Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry, 11e

( continued )

Chinese, Japanese, American ( Panox quinquefolius )

Small doses (e.g., 300 mg) can lead to nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Undetermined Undetermined High doses can lead to Allergic reaction, fever, nausea, vomiting Undetermined 1–3 g/day Use in HIV and AIDS patients is controversial; may not be effective in coryza. Sympathomimetic overload: arrhythmias, Synergistic with respiratory collapse.

1–2 g/day Tachyphylaxis and dependence can occur (taken off market).

cognition in persons with Alzheimer’s disease after

4–5 weeks of use, possibly because of increased blood flow.

1–2 g/day Several varieties exist; Korean (most highly valued), documented None

0.5 g/day May decrease plasma levels of drugs metabolized by CYP450 system

Anxiolytic, hypnotic Undetermined Undetermined Undetermined Efficacy for claimed uses is not Used to combat stress, also used for common colds, headaches, stomach disorders, inflammation, heart disease. No data exists regarding the long-term effects. May prolong clotting time, increase the risk of bleeding during surgery, and lower blood sugar. None Dosage depends on the formulation type, recommended dose is 2 softgel capsules taken with 8 oz water daily. Contraindicated

120–240 mg/day Studies indicate improved

sympathomimetics,

serotonergic agents; avoid with MAOIs

Anticoagulant: use with caution because of its inhibitory effect on PAF; increased bleeding possible

Not to be used with sedatives, hypnotic agents, MAOIs,

antidiabetic agents, or steroids

Hyperthermia effects with phenothiazine antipsychotics and

with CNS depressants

increased BP,

headache, irritability, nausea, vomiting

Allergic skin reactions, GI upset, muscle spasms, headache

Insomnia, hypertonia, and edema (called ginseng abuse syndrome)

in patients with

estrogen-dependent tumors (breast,

uterine, cervical)

Triterpene Anxiolytic; for menstrual complaints Flavonoids,

Stimulates immune system; for lethargy, malaise, respiratory infections and lower UTIs

Stimulant; for lethargy, malaise, diseases of respiratory tract

Symptomatic relief of delirium, dementia;

improves concentration and memory deficits; possible antidote to

SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction

Stimulant; for fatigue, elevation of mood, immune system

Sedative, anxiolytic, hypnotic; for mood

disturbances, restlessness

tropics, part of the Lamiaceae family. Flavonoids.

polysaccharides, caffeic acid derivatives, alkamides

pseudoephedrine

ginkgolide A, B

ginsenosides

triterpenes

Ocimum tenuiflorum, an aromatic plant native to the

Humulone, lupulone, flavonoids

Ephedrine,

Flavonoids,

Triterpenes,

Flavonoids,

Ginseng, L. Panax

Heather, L. Calluna vulgaris

Ginkgo, L. Ginkgo biloba

Hops, L. Humulus lupulus

L. Cyclamen

europaeum

L. Echinacea purpurea

Ephedra, ma-huang L. Ephedra sinica

ginseng

Holy Basil formula, Ocimum tenuiflorum

Cyclamen,

Echinacea,

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