Kaplan + Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry, 11e

60 m g–200 m g/day Huperzia serrata has

prevent and treat the common cold are

supported in some studies but not in

others; more research needed

and inflammation. nicotinic acid

been used in Chinese folk medicine for the treatment of fevers

bovine brain carries hypothetical risk of

bovine spongiform encephalopathy

phosphorylcholine ( a -GPC) To increase growth hormone secretion, cognitive disorders None known None known 500 mg–1 g daily Remains poorly understood Phosphatidylcholine Phospholipid that is part of cell membranes Manic conditions, Soybeans, sunflower, and rapeseed are major sources. Derived from soy lecithin

Found in small amounts in milk and meat

surgery

Needed for structure and function of all cells

demonstrate

some efficacy in

the treatment of depression

Claims that zinc can

Type derived from

Several trials

What Is It? Uses Adverse Effects Interactions Dosage Comments Omega-3

Typical dose 15 mg/ day, adverse effects > 30 mg

Warfarin Varies with indication Stop using prior to Methotrexate, works with B 6 , B 12 , and folic acid in metabolism of homocysteine None known 3–9 g/day in divided doses 300–1,200 mg doses > 3 g associated with fishy body odor

variety, 100 mg tid

500 mg–2 g daily in divided doses

Alzheimer’s disease, chronic fatigue, CV disease GI distress None known 5 mg/day or 5 mg bid Precursor of NADH is muscle movement, caution in patients with cancer None known 200–1,600 mg daily in divided doses

None known For soya-derived

Bisphosphonates, quinolones, tetracycline,

penicillamine, copper, cysteine-containing

foods, caffeine, iron

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and

cholinergic drugs

Nucleoside analogs, valproic acid, and

pivalic acid–containing antibiotics

GI distress, high doses can cause copper deficiency, immunosuppression

Avoid with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, GI side effects

Seizures, arrhythmias, asthma, irritable bowel disease

Diarrhea, steatorrhea in those with malabsorption, avoid with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome

with primary genetic

trimethyluria, sweating,

hypotension, depression

Mild GI distress, seizures, increased agitation in some with Alzheimer’s disease

Anticoagulant properties, mild GI distress Restrict in patients

wound healing, cognitive disorders, prevention of neural tube defects

including Alzheimer’s disease, may reverse memory problems

Alzheimer’s disease, age- related memory loss,

inflammatory disorders

Alzheimer’s disease, and cognitive disorders, tardive dyskinesia

Choline Choline Fetal brain development, manic conditions, l - a -Glyceryl-

cognitive disorders, tardive dyskinesia, cancers

Neuroprotection, Alzheimer’s disease, Down syndrome, strokes, antiaging, depression in geriatric patients

ADD, dyslexia, cognitive impairment, dementia

Parkinson’s disease,

Zinc Metallic element Immune impairment,

Cognitive impairment

Mood elevation, osteoarthritis Hypomania, hyperactive

Acetyl- l -carnitine Acetyl ester of l -carnitine

l -methionine

Dinucleotide located in

mitochondria

and cytosol of cells

Phosphatidylserine Phospholipid isolated from soya and egg yolks

derived from

Chinese club moss

Metabolite of essential

amino acid

polyunsaturated fatty acid

Huperzine A Plant alkaloid

Ingredients/

S -Adenosyl- l -

Table 29.34-1 Dietary Supplements Used in Psychiatry

NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)

methionine (SAMe)

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)

Name

1050