Kaplan + Sadock's Synopsis of Psychiatry, 11e

for male

relatives

than female relatives;

continuation

of symptoms into

adulthood

may indicate increased RR

Disorder Nervosa ADHD Men Women Men Women — Early onset may Early onset may — Males may — — RR higher Disorder Phobia

k Kendler KS, McGuire M. An epidemiologic, clinical and family study of simple schizophrenia in County Roscommon, Ireland. Am J Psychiatry. 1994;151:27. l Rasmussen SA, Tsuang MT. The epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 1984;45:450–457. m Goodwin FK, Jamison KR. Manic Depressive Illness. New York: Oxford University Press; 1990:938. n Crowe RR, Noyes R, Pauls DL. A family study of panic disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1983;40:1065. o Gottesman II, Shields J. Schizophrenia: The Epigenetic Puzzle. New York: Cambridge University Press; 1982. p Swedo SE, Rapoport IL, Leonard H. Obsessive-compulsive disorder children and adolescence. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1989;46:335. q National Society of Genetic Counselors Psychiatric Special Interest Group. At a glance empiric risk data. Available at: www.nsgc.org/members_only/sig/sig_psyc_empiric.cfm. Asarnow RF. Schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum personality disorders in the first-degree relatives of children with schizophrenia: The UCLA family study. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2001;58:581. Kendler KS, Gardner CO. The risk for psychiatric disorders in relatives of schizophrenic and control probands: A comparison of three independent studies. Psychol Med. 1997;27:411. Kendler KS, Walsh D. Schizophreniform disorder, delusional disorder and psychotic disorder not otherwise specified: Clinical features, outcome and familial psychopathology. Acta Psychiatry Scand. 1995;91:370. McGuffin P. The heritability of bipolar affective disorder and the genetic relationship to unipolar depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003;60:497. National Institutes of Mental Health. Genetics and mental disorders. 1999. Available at: www.nimh.nih.gov/research/genetics.htm.

Anorexia

Alcohol

have greater

sensitivity to

genetic risk factors

Dependence

Generalized Anxiety

ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; FDR, first-degree relative; RR, recurrence risk. a Moldin SO. Psychiatric genetic counseling. In: Guze SB, ed. Washington University Adult Psychiatry. Mosby-Year Book; 1997. b Duffy A, Grof P. The implications of genetic studies of major mood disorders for clinical practice. J Clin Psychiatry. 2000;61:630. c Gershon ES. A family study of schizoaffective, bipolar I, bipolar II, unipolar and normal control probands. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1982;39:1157. d Gershon ES. A controlled family study of chronic psychosis. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1988;45:328. e Potash JB. Searching high and low: A review of the genetics of bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2000;2:8. f Barkley RA. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Sci Am. 1998;9:66. g Biederman J. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992;49:728. h Harper PS. Practical Genetic Counseling. 4th ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1994:348. i Nurnberger J Jr, Berrettini W. Psychiatric Genetics. 1st ed. London: Chapman Hall; 1998:164. j Hodgkinson KA. Genetic counseling for schizophrenia in the era of molecular genetics. Can J Psychiatry. 2001;46:123.

increase RR

Panic

increase RR

Obsessive-

Compulsive Disorder

Schizoaffective Disorder

Schizophrenia Bipolar Disorder Table 28.14-6 Empirical Risks for Selected Mental Disorders ( continued ) Unipolar Major Depressive Disorder and severe phenotype may increase RR Early onset may increase RR; female relatives at greatest risk for any affective disorder Early onset and recurrent episodes may increase RR in first-degree relatives; male-to-female ratio is 1:2–3

Notes Early onset

906