Handa. Te Linde. Ginecología Quirúrgica 12ed

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by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Perioperative Blood Management. Anesthesiology 2015;122(2):241–275. Apfelbaum JL, Silverstein JH, Chung FF, et al. Practice guidelines for postanesthetic care: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Postanesthetic Care. Anesthesiology 2013;118(2):291–307. Awad H, Santilli S, Ohr M, et al. The effects of steep Trendelenburg positioning on intraocular pressure during robotic radical prostatectomy. Anesth Analg 2009;109(2):473–478. Barash PG. Clinical anesthesia , 8th ed. Filadelfia, PA: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams &Wilkins, 2009. Borsellino G, Francis NK, Chapuis O, et al. Role of epidural analgesia within an ERAS program after laparoscopic col- orectial surgery: a review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. Surg Res Pract 2016;2016:7543684. Butterworth JF, Mackey DC, Wasnick JD, et al. Morgan & Mikhail’s clinical anesthesiology , 5th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2013. Chin JH, Lee EH, Hwang GS, et al. Prediction of fluid respon- siveness using dynamic preload indices in patients under- going robot-assisted surgery with pneumoperitoneum in the Trendelenburg position. Anaesth Intensive Care 2013;41(4):515–522. Distinguishing Monitored Anesthesia Care (MAC) from Moderate Sedation/Analgesia (Conscious Sedation)— American Society of Anesthesiologists. 2013. From http:// www.asahq.org/quality-and-practice-management/prac- tice-guidance-resource-documents/distinguishing-moni- tored-anesthesia-care-from-moderate-sedation-analgesia. Fearon KC, Ljungqvist O, Von Meyenfeldt M, et al. Enhanced recovery after surgery: a consensus review of clinical care for patients undergoing colonic resection. Clin Nutr 2005;24(3):466–477. Ferguson SE, Malhotra T Seshan VE, et al. A prospec- tive randomized trial comparing patient-controlled epidural analgesia to patient-controlled intravenous anal- gesia on postoperative pain control and recovery after major open gynecologic cancer surgery. Gynecol Oncol 2009;114(1):11–116. Ferschl MB, Tung A, Sweitzer B, et al. Preoperative clinic visits reduce operating room cancellations and delays. Anesthesiology 2005;103(4):855–859. Futier E, Constantin JM, Pelosi P, et al. Intraoperative recruitment maneuver reverses detrimental pneumoperi- toneum-induced respiratory effects in healthy weight and obese patients undergoing laparoscopy. Anesthesiology 2010;113(6):1310–1319. Gali B, Bakkum-Gamez JN, Plevak DJ, et al. Perioperative outcomes of robotic-assisted hysterectomy compared with open hysterectomy. Anesth Analg 2018;126(1):127–133. Gan TJ, Diemunsch P, Habib AS, et al. Consensus guidelines for the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesth Analg 2014;118(1):85–113. Greco M, Capretti G, Beretta L, et al. Enhanced recovery pro- gram in colorectal surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. World J Surg 2014;38(6):1531–1541.

 ■ La incidencia de NVPO es alta en las pacientes some- tidas a procedimientos laparoscópicos. Parece prudente administrar antieméticos profilácticos y utilizar un régi- men anestésico que reduzca al mínimo su incidencia en este tipo de operaciones. Las náuseas y vómitos resis- tentes al tratamiento son de las principales razones para hospitalizar a pacientes que, de otro modo, serían dadas de alta después de una operación ambulatoria.  ■ La anestesia epidural puede proporcionar un exce- lente control del dolor. Sin embargo, no se ha demos- trado que el uso sistemático de la anestesia epidural reduzca consistentemente las complicaciones postopera- torias o la duración de la estancia hospitalaria dentro de los protocolos de ERAS. Para las pacientes sometidas a procedimientos abiertos y con alto riesgo de alivio difí- cil del dolor o complicaciones pulmonares, se debe con- siderar seriamente la analgesia epidural.  ■ La posición de Trendelenburg pronunciada y la insu- flación peritoneal con frecuencia aumentan las presiones arterial y venosa centrales. En general, no hay cambios significativos en la función cardíaca. Al finalizar el pro- cedimiento, por lo general hay un rápido retorno a los parámetros cardiovasculares basales.  ■ La acumulación de CO 2 durante los procedimientos laparoscópicos se debe a la absorción del gas por el peri- toneo, a posibles disminuciones de la ventilación por la colocación de la paciente y al hábito corporal. La reso- lución, por lo general, ocurre rápidamente después de la deflación. En caso de inestabilidad cardiorrespiratoria, debe haber una mayor sospecha de la presencia de gas en el pericardio, el mediastino o la cavidad pleural. BIBLIOGRAFÍA Abdalmageed OS, Bedaiwy MA, Falcone T. Nerve injuries in gynecologic laparoscopy. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2017;24(1):16–27. Abrishami A, Ho J, Wong J, et al. Sugammadex, a selective reversal medication for preventing postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009;(4):CD007362. Alakkad H, Kruisselbrink R, Chin K, et al. Point-of-care ultra- sound defines gastric content and changes the anesthetic management of elective surgical patients who have not fol- lowed fasting instructions: a prospective case series. Can J Anaesth 2015;62(11):1188–1195. Almarakbi WA, Fawzi HM, Alhasehmi JA. Effects of four intraoperative ventilatory strategies on respiratory compli- ance and gas exchange during laparoscopic gastric banding in obese patients. Br J Anaesth 2009;102(6):862–868. American Society of Anesthesiologist Practice Guidelines for Preoperative Fasting and the Use of Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration: Application to Healthy Patients Undergoing Elective Procedures: American Society of Anesthesiologist Practice Guidelines for Preoperative Fasting and the Use of Pharmacologic Agents to Reduce the Risk of Pulmonary Aspiration: Anesthesiology 2016;126(3):376–393. American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Perioperative Blood Management. Practice guidelines for perioperative blood management: an updated report

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Gupta A, Stierer T, Zuckerman R, et al. Comparison of recov- ery profile after ambulatory anesthesia with propofol, iso- flurane, sevoflurane and desflurane: a systematic review. Anesth Analg 2004;98(3):632–641. SAMPLE