Atlas of Forensic Pathology

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Contents

9 BLUNT FORCE INJURIES...........................................................................205 Introduction................................................................................................ 206 Types of Blunt Force Injuries......................................................................206 Abrasions......................................................................................................... 206 Contusions....................................................................................................... 209 Lacerations....................................................................................................... 211 Fractures. ......................................................................................................... 214 Pattern Interpretation of Blunt Force Injuries............................................214 Blunt Force Injuries of the Head................................................................219 Subgaleal Hemorrhage..............................................................................219 Cranial Fractures........................................................................................223 Types of Cranial Fractures..........................................................................223 Linear Fracture.................................................................................................223 Stellate (or Complex) Fracture.........................................................................224 Depressed Fracture..........................................................................................224 Ring Fracture....................................................................................................225 Basilar Fracture................................................................................................225 Comminuted Fracture......................................................................................227 Diastatic Fracture.............................................................................................227 Extra-Cerebral Hemorrhage.......................................................................228 Epidural Hemorrhage......................................................................................228 Subdural Hemorrhage.....................................................................................230 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage..............................................................................235 Traumatic Injuries of the Brain....................................................................239 Type of Contusions.....................................................................................240 Coup Contusions.............................................................................................240 Contre-Coup Contusions.................................................................................240 Fracture Contusions.........................................................................................242 Herniation Contusions.....................................................................................242 Intermediary Contusions..................................................................................246 Gliding Contusions..........................................................................................246 Blunt Force Injuries of the Neck.................................................................250 Blunt Force Injuries of the Trunk................................................................252 Blunt Force Injuries of the Extremities.......................................................255 Fractures..................................................................................................... 255 Specific Fracture Types...............................................................................257 Extent: Incomplete vs Complete Fracture.................................................258 Incomplete Fractures.......................................................................................258 Torus/Buckle Fracture......................................................................................259 Greenstick Fracture..........................................................................................259 Complete Fracture: Fracture Type Based Upon Direction.........................259 Transverse Fracture..........................................................................................259 Oblique Fracture..............................................................................................260 Longitudinal Fracture.......................................................................................261 Spiral Fracture..................................................................................................261 Other Fracture Types.................................................................................261 Comminuted Fracture......................................................................................261 Butterfly Fracture.............................................................................................261 Segmental Fracture..........................................................................................262 Avulsion Fracture.............................................................................................263 Timing of Bone Trauma..............................................................................264 Antemortem Fractures.....................................................................................265 Postmortem Fractures......................................................................................265 Perimortem Injuries..........................................................................................265 Near Misses................................................................................................268 Copyright © Wolters Kluwer, Inc. 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