Weinstein Lovell and Winters Pediatric Orthopaedics 7e

365

CHAPTER 11  |  Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

osteoporosis, joint space narrowing, erosions, subluxation, and ankylosis. • Screening flexion and extension films are recommended prior to anesthesia if cervical disease is suspected. • ANA positivity is a marker of risk for JIA-associated uveitis. • All children with JIA should be evaluated for uveitis at diag- nosis and routinely thereafter. • JIA patients are at risk for growth failure, osteoporosis, and LLD. 1. Kunnamo I, Kallio P, Pelkonen P. Incidence of arthritis in urban Finnish children: a prospective study. Arthritis Rheum 1986;29:2132. 2. Goodman J, McGraft P. The epidemiology of pain in children and adoles- cents: a review. Pain 1991;46:247. 3. McGrath P, McAlpine L. Psychologic perspectives on pediatric pain. J Pediatr 1993;122:52. 4. Cuesta I, Kerr K, Simpson P. Subspecialty referrals for pauciarticular juve- nile rheumatoid arthritis. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2000;154(2):122. 5. Brewer E, Bass J, Cassidy J. Criteria for the classification of juvenile rheu- matoid arthritis. Bull Rheum Dis 1972;23:712–719. 6. Bulletin 4. Nomenclature and classification of arthritis in children . Basel, Switzerland: National Zeitung AG, 1977. 7. Fink C. Proposal for the development of classification criteria for idio- pathic arthritides of childhood. J Rheumatol 1995;22:1566. 8. Petty RE, et al. International League of Associations for Rheumatology classification of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: second revision, Edmonton, 2001. J Rheumatol 2004;31(2):390–392. 9. Foeldvari I, Bidde M. Validation of the proposed ILAR classification cri- teria for juvenile idiopathic arthritis. International League of Associations for Rheumatology. J Rheumatol 2000;27(4):1069. 10. Ramsey S, Bolaria R, Cabral D. Comparison of criteria for the classifica- tion of childhood arthritis. J Rheumatol 2000;27(5):1283. 11. Hofer M, Mouy R, Prieur A. Juvenile idiopathic arthritides evaluated pro- spectively in a single center according to the Durban criteria. J Rheumatol 2001;28(5):1083. 12. Krumrey-Langkammerer M, Hafner R. Evaluation of the ILAR criteria for juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Rheumatol 2001;28(11):2544. 13. Danner S, et al. Epidemiology of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in Alsace, France. J Rheumatol 2006;33(7):1377–1381. 14. Prahalad S. Genetics of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: an update. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2004;16(5):588–594. 15. Woo P, Laxer R, Sherry D. Pediatric rheumatology in clinical practice . London, UK: Springer, 2007. 16. Morling N, et al. DNA polymorphism of HLA class II genes in pau- ciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Tissue Antigens 1991;38(1): 16–23. 17. Sherry DD, et al. Painless juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. J Pediatr 1990;116(6):921–923. 18. Bunger C, Bulow J, Tondebold E. Microcirculation of the juvenile knee in chronic arthritis. Clin Orthop 1986;204:294. 19. Vostrejs M, Hollister J. Muscle atrophy and leg length discrepancies in pauciarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Dis Child 1988; 142:343. 20. Weiss PF, et al. High prevalence of temporomandibular joint arthritis at disease onset in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, as detected by magnetic resonance imaging but not by ultrasound. Arthritis Rheum 2008;58(4):1189–1196. 21. Twilt, M, et al. Temporomandibular involvement in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Rheumatol 2004;31(7):1418–1422. 22. Bakke M, et al. Orofacial pain, jaw function, and temporomandibular dis- orders in women with a history of juvenile chronic arthritis or ­persistent REFERENCES

juvenile chronic arthritis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2001;92(4):406–414. 23. Karhulahti T, Ronning O, Jamsa T. Mandibular condyle lesions, jaw movements, and occlusal status in 15-year-old children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Dent Res 1990;98(1):17–26. 24. Wallace CA, et al. Patterns of clinical remission in select categories of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2005;52(11):3554–3562. 25. Symmons D, Jones M, Osborne J. Pediatric rheumatology in the United Kingdom: data from the British Pediatric Rheumatology Group National Diagnostic Register. J Rheumatol 1996;23:1975. 26. Cassidy J, Levinson J, Bass J. A study of classification criteria for a diag- nosis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1986;29:274. 27. Kanski J. Uveitis in juvenile chronic arthritis. Eye 1988;2:641. 28. Blane C, Ragsdale C, Hensinger R. Late effects of JRA on the hip. J Pediatr Orthop 1987;7:677. 29. Schneider R, Laxer R. Systemic onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Baillieres Clin Rheum 1998;12:245. 30. De Benedetti F, et al. Functional and prognostic relevance of the –173 polymorphism of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene in systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 2003;48(5):1398–1407. 31. Calabro J, Marchesano J. Fever associated with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med 1967;276:11. 32. Calabro J, Marchesano J. Rash associated with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. J Pediatr 1968;72:611. 33. Behrens EM, et al. Evaluation of the presentation of systemic onset juve- nile rheumatoid arthritis: data from the Pennsylvania Systemic Onset Juvenile Arthritis Registry (PASOJAR). J Rheumatol 2008;35(2):343–348. 34. Schneider R, Lang B, Reilly B. Prognostic indicators of joint destruction in systemic-onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. J Pediatr 1992;120:200. 35. David J, Vouyiouka O, Ansell B. Amyloidosis in juvenile chronic arthritis: a morbidity and mortality study. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1993;11:85. 36. Prieur A, Stephan J. Macrophage activation syndrome in children with joint diseases. Rev Rheum Engl Ed 1994;61:385. 37. Ravelli A, Benedetti FD, Viola S. Macrophage activation syndrome in sys- temic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis successfully treated with cyclosporine. J Pediatr 1996;128:275. 38. Mouy R, Stephan J, Pillet P. Efficacy of cyclosporine A in the treatment of macrophage activation syndrome in juvenile arthritis: report of five cases. J Pediatr 1996;129:750. 39. Pascual V, et al. Role of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the pathogenesis of sys- temic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis and clinical response to IL-1 blockade. J Exp Med 2005;201(9):1479–1486. 40. Church R. The prospect of psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 1958;70(4):139–145. 41. Baker H. Epidemiological aspects of psoriasis and arthritis. Br J Dermatol 1966;78(5):249–261. 42. Green L, et al. Arthritis in psoriasis. Ann Rheum Dis 1981;40(4): 366–369. 43. Ho PY, et al. HLA-Cw6 and HLA-DRB1*07 together are associ- ated with less severe joint disease in psoriatic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2007;66(6):807–811. 44. Southwood T, Petty R, Malleson P. Psoriatic arthritis in children. Arthritis Rheum 1989;32:1007. 45. Roberton D, Cabral D, Malleson P. Juvenile psoriatic arthritis: follow-up and evaluation of diagnostic criteria. J Rheumatol 1996;23:166. 46. Petty R, Southwood T, Baum J. Revision of the proposed classification criteria for juvenile idiopathic arthritis: Durban, 1997. J Rheumatol 1998;25:1991. 47. Shore A, Ansell B. Juvenile psoriatic arthritis: an analysis of 60 cases. J Pediatr 1982;100:529. 48. Wesolowska H. Clinical course of psoriatic arthropathy in children. Mater Med Pol 1985;55:185. 49. Rosenberg A, Petty R. A syndrome of seronegative enthesopathy and arthropathy in children. Arthritis Rheum 1982;25:1041. 50. Cabral D, Oen K, Petty R. SEA syndrome revisited: a long-term followup of children with a syndrome of seronegative enthesopathy and arthropa- thy. J Rheumatol 1992;19:1282.