Tornetta Rockwood Adults 9781975137298 FINAL VERSION

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CHAPTER 1 • Biomechanics of Fractures and Fracture Fixation

Annotated References

Reference

Annotation

Claes L, Recknagel S, Ignatius A. Fracture healing under healthy and inflammatory conditions. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2012;8(3):133–143.

Review of the main factors that influence fracture healing, including fracture site stability and blood supply Instrumented hip, knee, and spine implants were used to measure in vivo loads during activities of daily living

Damm P, Kutzner I, Bergmann G, et al. Comparison of in vivo measured loads in knee, hip and spinal implants during level walking. J Biomech. 2017;51:128–132.

Edgerton BC, An KN, Morrey BF. Torsional strength reduction due to cortical defects in bone. J Orthop Res. 1990;8:851–855.

Biomechanical study defining the strength loss from cortical defects in bone

Gardner MJ, Silva MJ, Krieg JC. Biomechanical testing of fracture fixation constructs: variability, validity, and clinical applicability. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2012;20(2):86–93. Henschel J, Tsai S, Fitzpatrick DC, et al. Comparison of 4 methods for dynamization of locking plates: differences in the amount and type of fracture motion. J Orthop Trauma. 2017;31:531–537. Kenwright J, Goodship AE. Controlled mechanical stimulation in the treatment of tibial fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1989;241:36–47. Konstantinidis L, Helwig P, Hirschmüller A, et al. When is the stability of a fracture fixation limited by osteoporotic bone? Injury. 2016;47 (suppl 2);S27–S32. Lujan TJ, Henderson CE, Madey SM, et al. Locked plating of distal femur fractures leads to inconsistent and asymmetric callus formation. J Orthop Trauma. 2010;24(3):156–162. Simpson H, Augat P. Experimental Research Methods in Orthopedics and Trauma . Stuttgart: Thieme; 2015. White AA 3rd, Panjabi MM, Southwick WO. The four biomechanical stages of fracture repair. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1977;59(2):188–192. 1. Acklin YP, Stockle U, Sommer C. Clinical and radiologic outcomes associated with the use of dynamic locking screws (DLS) in distal tibia fractures. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg . 2016;42(3):351–356. 2. Ahmad M, Nanda R, Bajwa AS, et al. Biomechanical testing of the locking compres- sion plate: when does the distance between bone and implant significantly reduce construct stability? Injury . 2007;38(3):358–364. 3. Akeson WH, Coutts RD, Woo SL. Principles of less rigid internal fixation with plates. Can J Surg . 1980;23(3):235–239. 4. Alms M. Fracture mechanics. J Bone Joint Surg Br . 1961;43-B(6):162–166. 5. An KN, Morrey BF, Chao EY. The effect of partial removal of proximal ulna on elbow constraint. Clin Orthop Relat Res . 1986(209):270–279. 6. Anderson DD, Kilburg AT, Thomas TP, et al. Expedited CT-based methods for eval- uating fracture severity to assess risk of post-traumatic osteoarthritis after articular fractures. Iowa Orthop J . 2016;36:46–52. 7. Anderson DD, Mosqueda T, Thomas T, et al. Quantifying tibial plafond fracture severity: absorbed energy and fragment displacement agree with clinical rank ordering. J Orthop Res . 2008;26(8):1046–1052. 8. Augat P, Burger J, Schorlemmer S, et al. Shear movement at the fracture site delays healing in a diaphyseal fracture model. J Orthop Res . 2003;21(6):1011–1017. 9. Augat P, Burger J, Schorlemmer S, et al. Shear movement at the fracture site delays healing in a diaphyseal fracture model. J Orthop Res . 2003;21(6):1011–1017. bib > 10. Augat P, Faschingbauer M, Seide K, et al. Biomechanical methods for the assess- ment of fracture repair. Injury . 2014;45(suppl 2):S32–38. 11. Augat P, Margevicius K, Simon J, et al. Local tissue properties in bone healing: influ- ence of size and stability of the osteotomy gap. J Orthop Res . 1998;16(4):475–481. 12. Augat P, Penzkofer R, Nolte A, et al. Interfragmentary movement in diaphyseal tibia fractures fixed with locked intramedullary nails. J Orthop Trauma . 2008;22(1):30– 36. 13. Augat P, Simon U, Liedert A, et al. Mechanics and mechano-biology of fracture healing in normal and osteoporotic bone. Osteoporos Int . 2005;16(suppl 2):S36– S43. 14. Battula S, Schoenfeld A, Vrabec G, et al. Experimental evaluation of the holding power/stiffness of the self-tapping bone screws in normal and osteoporotic bone material. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) . 2006;21(5):533–537.

Review article describing basic terminology and principles to design and evaluate a biomechanical study of fracture fixation constructs

Biomechanical study, demonstrating which dynamization strategies can deliver axial dynamization of a fracture without inducing excessive shear motion.

Original landmark study demonstrating the benefits of axial dynamization on fracture healing in sheep tibiae

Review paper discussing the risk of mechanical failure of fracture fixation constructs in osteoporotic bone

Retrospective clinical study demonstrating that locked plating of distal femur fractures can cause asymmetric, delayed, and deficient bridging callus

Reference book on the design and execution of biomechanical and preclinical studies

Classic study relating the phases of fracture healing to the progressive strength of callus

REFERENCES

15. Beardsley CL, Anderson DD, Marsh JL, et al. Interfragmentary surface area as an index of comminution severity in cortical bone impact. J Orthop Res . 2005;23(3):686–690. 16. Beaupré GS, Giori NJ, Caler WE, et al. A comparison of unicortical and bicortical end screw attachment of fracture fixation plates. J Orthop Trauma . 1992;6(3):294–300. 17. Behrens F, Johnson W. Unilateral external fixation. Methods to increase and reduce frame stiffness. Clin Orthop Relat Res . 1989(241):48–56. 18. Beltran MJ, Collinge CA, Gardner MJ. Stress modulation of fracture fixation implants. J Am Acad Orthop Surg . 2016;24(10):711–719. 19. Bergmann G, Bender A, Dymke J, et al. Standardized loads acting in hip implants. PLoS One . 2016;11(5):e0155612. 20. Bergmann G, Bender A, Graichen F, et al. Standardized loads acting in knee implants. PLoS One . 2014;9(1):e86035. 21. Bergmann G, Deuretzbacher G, Heller M, et al. Hip contact forces and gait patterns from routine activities. J Biomech . 2001;34(7):859–871. 22. Bergmann G, Graichen F, Bender A, et al. In vivo glenohumeral contact forces—measurements in the first patient 7 months postoperatively. J Biomech . 2007;40(10):2139–2149. 23. Bergmann G, Graichen F, Rohlmann A. Hip joint loading during walking and run- ning, measured in two patients. J Biomech . 1993;26(8):969–990. 24. Bergmann G, Graichen F, Rohlmann A. Is staircase walking a risk for the fixation of hip implants? J Biomech . 1995;28(5):535–553. 25. Bethea JS 3rd, DeAndrade JR, Fleming LL, et al. Proximal femoral fractures follow- ing total hip arthroplasty. Clin Orthop Relat Res . 1982;(170):95–106. 26. Bhandari M, Guyatt G, Tornetta P 3rd, et al. Randomized trial of reamed and unreamed intramedullary nailing of tibial shaft fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am . 2008;90(12):2567–2578. 27. Bhandari M, Tornetta P 3rd, Sprague S, et al. Predictors of reoperation follow- ing operative management of fractures of the tibial shaft. J Orthop Trauma . 2003;17(5):353–361. 28. Blachut PA, O’Brien PJ, Meek RN, et al. Interlocking intramedullary nailing without reaming for the treatment of closed fractures of the tibial shaft. A prospective ran- domized study. J Bone Joint Surg Am . 1997;79:640–646. 29. Bostman OM. Refracture after removal of a condylar plate from the distal third of the femur. J Bone Joint Surg Am . 1990;72(7):1013–1018. 30. Bottlang M, Augat P. The bottleneck of evidence-based fracture care. Injury . 2014;45(suppl 2):S1–S2.

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