Rockwood Adults CH64

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CHAPTER 64 • Ankle Fractures

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Bosworth fracture-dislocation and resultant compartment syndrome: a case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am . 2003;85A(11):2211–2214. 31. Bell DP, Wong MK. Syndesmotic screw fixation in Weber C ankle injuries: should the screw be removed before weight bearing? Injury . 2006;37(9):891–898. 32. Bengnér U, Johnell O, Redlund-Johnell I. Epidemiology of ankle fracture 1950 and 1980. Increasing incidence in elderly women. Acta Orthop Scand . 1986;57(1):35–37. 33. Bennett C, Behn A, Daoud A, et al. Buttress plating versus anterior-to-posterior lag screws for fixation of the posterior malleolus: a biomechanical study. J Orthop Trauma . 2016;30(12):664–669. 34. Beumer A, Campo MM, Niesing R, et al. Screw fixation of the syndesmosis: a cadaver model comparing stainless steel and titanium screws and three and four cortical fixation. Injury . 2005;36(1):60–64. 35. Beumer A, Valstar ER, Garling EH, et al. 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Operative treatment of ankle fractures in adults: correlation between types of fracture and final results. Injury . 1991;22(5):403–406. 47. Brown GA. Distal fibular stabilization with a modified Knowles pin. Iowa Orthop J . 1992. 48. Brown OL, Dirschl DR, Obremskey WT. Incidence of hardware-related pain and its effect on functional outcomes after open reduction and internal fixation of ankle fractures. J Orthop Trauma . 2001;15(4):271–274. 49. Brunner CF, Weber BG. The anti-glide plate. In: Special Techniques in Internal Fixa- tion . New York: Springer; 1982:115–133. 50. Bucholz RW, Henry S, Henley MB. Fixation with bioabsorbable screws for the treat- ment of fractures of the ankle. J Bone Joint Surg Am . 1994;76(3):319–324. 51. Bugler KE, Clement ND, Duckworth AD, et al. Open ankle fractures: who gets them and why? Arch Orthop Trauma Surg . 2015;135(3):297–303. 52. Bugler KE, Watson CD, Hardie AR, et al. The treatment of unstable fractures of the ankle using the Acumed fibular nail: development of a technique. J Bone Joint Surg Br . 2012;94(8):1107–1112. 53. Burns WC, Prakash K, Adelaar R, et al. Tibiotalar joint dynamics: indications for the syndesmotic screw—a cadaver study. Foot Ankle . 1993;14(3):153–158. 54. Cameron C, Naylor CD. No impact from active dissemination of the Ottawa Ankle Rules: further evidence of the need for local implementation of practice guidelines. CMAJ . 1999;160(8):1165–1168. 55. Carragee EJ, Csongradi JJ, Bleck EE. Early complications in the operative treat- ment of ankle fractures. Influence of delay before operation. J Bone Joint Surg Br . 1991;73(1):79–82. 56. Cedell CA. Supination-outward rotation injuries of the ankle: a clinical and roent- genological study with special reference to the operative treatment. Acta Orthop Scand . 1967;Suppl 110:113. 57. Ceroni D, Martin X, Delhumeau C, et al. 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59. Cherney SM, Cosgrove CT, Spraggs-Hughes AG, et al. Functional outcomes of syndesmotic injuries based on objective reduction accuracy at a minimum 1-year follow-up. J Orthop Trauma . 2018;32(1):43–51. 60. Chissell HR, Jones J. The influence of a diastasis screw on the outcome of Weber type-C ankle fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Br . 1995;77(3):435–438. 61. Choi JY, Kim JH, Ko HT, et al. Single oblique posterolateral approach for open reduction and internal fixation of posterior malleolar fractures with an associated lateral malleolar fracture. J Foot Ankle Surg . 2015;54(4):559–564. 62. Cimino W, Ichtertz D, Slabaugh P. Early mobilization of ankle fractures after open reduction and internal fixation. Clin Orthop Rel Res . 1991(267):152–156. 63. Citak M, Backhaus M, Muhr G, et al. Distal tibial fracture post syndesmotic screw removal: an adverse complication. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg . 2011;131(10):1405–1408. 64. Cleak DK, Dawson MH, Phoenix OF. Tension band wiring of avulsion fractures of the medial malleolus: a modified technique minimizing soft tissue injury. Injury . 1982;13(6):519–520. 65. Close JR. Some applications of the functional anatomy of the ankle joint. J Bone Joint Surg Am . 1956;38-A(4):761–781. 66. Coll AP. Ottawa rules, OK? Rules are different in diabetes. BMJ . 2009;339:b3507. 67. Colton CL. The treatment of Dupuytren’s fracture-dislocation of the ankle. J Bone Joint Surg Br . 1971;53(1):63–71. 68. Colvin AC, Walsh M, Koval KJ, et al. Return to sports following operatively treated ankle fractures. Foot Ankle Int . 2009;30(4):292–296. 69. Compston JE, Watts NB, Chapurlat R, et al. Obesity is not protective against frac- ture in postmenopausal women: GLOW. Am J Med . 2011;124(11):1043–1050. 70. Cooper A. Treatise on Dislocations and Fractures of Joints . 1822. 71. Cosgrove CT, Putnam SM, Cherney SM, et al. Medial clamp tine positioning affects ankle syndesmosis malreduction. 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Results of operative treatment of displaced external rotation-abduction fractures of the ankle. J Bone Joint Surg Am . 1985;67(7): 1066–1074. 85. De Vil J, Bonte F, Claes H, et al. Bolt fixation for syndesmotic injuries. Injury . 2009;40(11):1176–1179. 86. De Vries JS, Wijgman AJ, Sierevelt IN, et al. Long-term results of ankle fractures with a posterior malleolar fragment. J Foot Ankle Surg . 2005;44(3):211–217. 87. DeAngelis NA, Eskander MS, French BG. Does medial tenderness predict deep del- toid ligament incompetence in supination-external rotation type ankle fractures? J Orthop Trauma . 2007;21(4):244–247. 88. Degroot H, Al-Omari AA, El Ghazaly SA. Outcomes of suture button repair of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis. Foot Ankle Int . 2011;32(03):250–256. 89. Dietrich A, Lill H, Engel T, et al. Conservative functional treatment of ankle frac- tures. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg . 2002;122(3):165–168. 90. Dijkema AR, Van der Elst M, Breederveld RS, et al. Surgical treatment of fracture- dislocations of the ankle joint with biodegradable implants: a prospective random- ized study. J Trauma . 1993;34(1):82–84. 91. Dingemans SA, Rammelt S, White TO, et al. Should syndesmotic screws be removed after surgical fixation of unstable ankle fractures? A systematic review. Bone Joint J . 2016;98B(11):1497–1504. 92. Dogra AS, Rangan A. Early mobilisation versus immobilisation of surgically treated ankle fractures: prospective randomised control trial. Injury . 1999;30(6):417–419. 93. Donken CC, Goorden AJ, Verhofstad MH, et al. The outcome at 20 years of con- servatively treated ‘isolated’ posterior malleolar fractures of the ankle: a case series. J Bone Joint Surg Br . 2011;93(12):1621–1625. 94. Donken CCMA, Verhofstad MHJ, Edwards MJ, et al. Twenty-one-year follow-up of supination-external rotation type II-IV (Orthopaedic Trauma Association type B) ankle fractures: a retrospective cohort study. J Orthop Trauma . 2012;26(8): e108–e114. 95. 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