Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology, 4e

695

Structure and Function of the Gastrointestinal System

C h a p t e r 2 8

B I B L I O G R A P H Y

R E V I EW E X E R C I S E S 1. Persons receiving chemotherapeutic agents, which interfere with the mitosis of cancer cells as well as the cells of other rapidly proliferating tissues in the body, often experience disorders such as ulcerations in the mucosal tissues of the mouth and other parts of the GI tract. These disorders are resolved once the chemotherapy treatment has been completed. A. Explain. 2. People with gastroesophageal reflux (movement of gastric contents into the esophagus) often complain of heartburn that becomes worse as the pressure in the stomach increases. A. Explain. B. Use information on hormonal control of gastric emptying to explain why eating a meal that is high in fat content often exaggerates the problem. 3. Infections of the GI tract, such as the “GI flu,” often cause profound diarrhea. A. Describe the neural mechanisms involved in the increase in GI motility that produces the diarrhea. B. Explain the rationale for using a “drink” that contains both glucose and sodium to treat the fluid deficit that often occurs with diarrhea. 4. Explain the physiologic mechanisms associated with the occurrence of diarrhea in persons with: A. Lactase deficiency. B. Obstruction of bile flow into the intestine. C. Disruption of the normal intestinal flora due to antibiotic therapy. 5. Explain why anticholinergic drugs are often effective in treating the nausea and vomiting that accompany motion sickness but are relatively ineffective in treating the nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy agents used in the treatment of cancer.

Becker DE. Nausea, vomiting, hiccups: a review of mechanisms and treatment. Anesth Prog. 2010;57:150–157. Furness JB. The enteric nervous system and neurogastroenterology. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;9(3):286–294. Hall JE. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology . 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2011:789–803. Hargreaves R, Ferreira JC, Hughes D, et al. Development of aprepitant, the first neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011;1222:40–48. Hayes MR, DeJonghe BC, Kanosk SE. Role of glucagon-like perptide-1 receptor in control of energy balance. Physiol Behav. 2010;100(5):503–510. Koeppen BM, Stanton BA, eds. Berne and Levy Physiology . 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby; 2010:487–541. Lindley C. Nausea and vomiting. In: Koda-Kimble MA, Young LY, Kradian WA, et al., eds. Applied Therapeutics: The Clinical Use of Drugs . 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005:8-1–8-18. Moore KL, Dalley AF, Agur AMR. Clinically Oriented Anatomy . 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010:217–263. O’Hara AM, Shanahan F. The gut flora as a forgotten organ. EMBO Rep. 2006;7:688–693. Rhoades RA, Bell DR. Medical Physiology: Principles for Clinical Medicine . 4th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health/ Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2013:471–535. Ross MH, Pawlina W. Histology: A Text and Atlas . 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2011:568–625. Sanders KM, Koh SD, Ward M. Interstitial cells of Cajal in the gastrointestinal tract. Annu Rev Phys. 2006;68:307–343. Sherwood L. Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems . 8th ed. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole; 2013:581–634.

Porth Essentials Resources Explore these additional resources to enhance learning for this chapter: •  NCLEX-Style Questions and Other Resources

on

, http://thePoint.lww.com/PorthEssentials4e

• Study Guide for Essentials of Pathophysiology • Concepts in Action Animations • Adaptive Learning | Powered by PrepU, http://thepoint.lww.com/ prepu