Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology, 4e

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Mechanisms of Infectious Disease

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4. Microorganisms are capable of causing infection only if they can grow at the temperature of the infected body site. A. Using this concept, explain the different sites of fungal infections due to the dermatophyte fungal species that cause tinea pedis (athlete’s foot) and Candida albicans , which causes infections of the mouth (thrush) and female genitalia (vulvovaginitis). B I B L I O G R A P H Y Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Outbreak of West Nile- like viral encephalitis—New York, 1999. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999;48:845–849. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Provisional surveillance summary of the West Nile virus epidemic—United States, January–November 2002. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2002;51:1129–1133. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Multistate outbreak of monkeypox—Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin, 2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003;52:537–540. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update: severe acute respiratory syndrome—Toronto, Canada, 2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003;52:547–550. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update: severe acute respiratory syndrome—worldwide and United States, 2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003;52:664–665. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Ongoing multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli serotype O157:H7 infections associated with consumption of fresh spinach—United States, September 2006. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006;55(Dispatch):1–2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Epidemiology of HIV/ AIDS—United States, 1981–2005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006;55(21):589–592. Drusano GL. Antimicrobial pharmacodynamics: Critical interactions of “bug and drug.” Nat Rev Microbiol. 2004;2:289–300. Dumler JS, Bakken JS. Ehrlichial diseases in humans: emerging tick- borne infections. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;20:1102–1110. Dunne WM Jr. Bacterial adhesion: seen any good biofilms lately? Clin Microbiol Rev. 2002;15:155–166. Grad YH, Lipsitch M, Feldgarden M, et al. Genomic epidemiology of the Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreaks in Europe, 2011. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109(8):3065–3070. Jernigan DM, Raghunathan PL, Bell BP, et al. Investigation of bioterrorism-related anthrax, United States, 2001: epidemiologic findings. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002;8:1019–1028.

Lampiris HW, Maddix DS. Clinical use of antimicrobial agents. In: Katzung BG, Masters SB, Trevor A, eds. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology . 12th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Lange; 2007:901–913. Marano N, Arquin PM, Pappaloanou M. Impact of globalization and animal trade in infection disease ecology. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13(12):1807–1808. McFee RB. Global infections—Avian influenza and other significant emerging pathogens—an overview. Dis Mon. 2007;53:343–347. Mellmann A, Harmsen D, Cummings CA, et al. Prospective genomic characterization of the German enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O104:H4 outbreak by rapid next generation sequencing technology. PLoS One. 2011;6(7):e22751. Morens DM, Folkers GK, Fauci AS. The challenge of emerging and re-emerging diseases. Nature. 2004;430(6996):242–249. Nolte FS, Caliendo AM. Molecular microbiology. In: Versalovic J, Carroll KC, Funke G, et al., eds. Manual of Clinical Microbiology . 10th ed. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology; 2011:27–59. Prince AS. Biofilms, antimicrobial resistance, and airway infection. New Engl J Med. 2002;347:1110–1111. Ryan ET, Wilson ME, Kain KC. Illness after international travel. New Engl J Med. 2002;347:505–516. Stone JH, Dierberg K, Aram G, et al. Human monocytic ehrlichiosis. JAMA. 2004;292:2263–2270. Turner M. Germany learns from E. coli outbreak: government plans to upgrade its disease-reporting processes. Nature News [online]. September 12, 2011. Available at http://www.nature.com/ news/2011/110912/full/news.2011.530.html. Accessed January 6, 2014. Tyler KL. Prions and prion diseases of the central nervous system (neurodegenerative diseases). In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett’s Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases . 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone; 2000:1971–1985. Writing Committee of the WHO Consultation on Clinical Aspects of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza. Clinical aspects of pandemic 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Infection. New Engl J Med 2010;362(18):1708–1719.

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