Porth's Essentials of Pathophysiology, 4e

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Integumentary Function

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Boulais N, Misery L. The epidermis: a sensory tissue. Eur J Dermatol. 2008;18(2):119–127. Buddenkotte J, Steinhoff M. Pathophysiology and therapy of pruritus in allergic and atopic diseases. Allergy. 2010;65:805–821. Colella G, Vicidomini A, Soro V, et al. Molecular insights into the effects of sodium hyaluronate preparations in keratinocytes. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2011;37:516–520. Curtis BJ, Radek KA. Cholinergic regulation of kera tinocyte innate immunity and permeability barrier integrity: new perspectives in epidermal immunity and disease. J Invest Dermatol. 2012;132:28–42. Greaves MW. Pathogenesis and treatment of pruritus. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2010;10:236–242. Ilkovitch D. Role of immune-regulatory cells in skin pathology. J Leukoc Biol. 2011;89:41–49. Kazmi P, Draelos ZD, Volz ED. Method of detection of ashen skin. European Patent No. EP 2371349 . Munich, Germany: European Patent Office; 2012. Kirkup MEM. Xerosis and stasis dermatitis. In: Norman R, ed. Preventive Dermatology . London, UK: Springer; 2010:71–79. Lo KK. How to tackle my dry skin problem? Hong Kong J Dermatol Venereol. 2011;19:183–185. Misery L, Stander S, eds. Pruritus . London, UK: Springer; 2010. Nazarko L. Understanding and treating a common dermal problem: pruritus. Br J Community Nurs. 2008;13:302–308. Schwanke J. Basic training: encourage proper skin care regimens before exploring alternatives. Dermatol Times. 2011:42–45. Spritz RA. The genetics of vitiligo. J Invest Dermatol. 2011;17:E18–E20. Storm CA, Elder DE. The skin. In: Rubin R, Strayer DS, eds. Rubin’s Pathology: Clinicopathologic Foundations of Medicine . 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008:999–1006. Taïeb A, Picardo M. Vitiligo. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(2):160–169. Vlahova L, Doerflinger Y, Houben R, et al. Br J Dermatol. 2012;166:1043–1052. Zachariae R, Lei U, Haedersdal M, et al. Itch severity and quality of life in patients with pruritus: preliminary validity of a Danish adaptation of the itch severity scale. Acta Derm Venereol. 2012;29:508–514.

SUMMARY CONCEPTS (continued)

R E V I EW E X E R C I S E S 1. Bullous pemphigoid is an autoimmune blistering disease caused by autoantibodies to constituents of the dermal–epidermal junction. A. Explain how antibodies, which attack glycoproteins in the lamina lucida and their attachment to the hemidesmosomes, can cause blisters to form (hint: see Fig. 45-5). 2. “Allergy tests” involve the application of an antigen to the skin, either through a small scratch or intradermal injection. A. Explain how the body’s immune system is able to detect and react to these antigens. ■■ Pigmentary skin disorders involve the melanocytes. In some cases, there is an absence of melanin production, as in vitiligo or albinism. In other cases, there is an increase in melanin or some other pigment, as in melasma. ■■ Pruritus, an unpleasant sensation of itch leading to the desire to scratch, may occur with both skin and systemic disorders. ■■ Dry skin, also called xerosis, may be a natural occurrence, as in the drying of skin associated with aging, or occur as a result of a skin or systemic disorder. ■■ Normal variations in skin structure and skin tones often make evaluation of dark skin difficult.

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Ali SM, Yosipovitch G. Skin pH: from basic science to basic skin care. Acta Derm Venereol. 2013;93:261–267. Boissy RE, Spritz RA. Frontiers and controversies I. The pathobiology of vitiligo: separating the wheat from the chaff. Exp Dermatol. 2009;18:583–585.

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