McKenna's Pharmacology for Nursing, 2e

986

Index

Leukotriene receptor antagonists continued contraindications and cautions, 878 drug–drug interactions, 879 pharmacokinetics, 878 therapeutic actions and indications, 878 Leuprorelin, 521, 523, 524 Levetiracetam, 354, 365–368 Levobupivacaine, 425, 426 Levocetirizine, 854 Levodopa, 372, 374–376, 378–379 vitamin B, effect, 378–379 Levonorgestrel, 607, 608, 610, 611–612 Levothyroxine, 554 Leydig cells, 596, 601, 602 Licorice, 966 Lifestyle adjustment, 46 Lignocaine, 416, 425–427, 696, 701, 702–704 Limbic system, 292, 299 Linagliptin, 586, 588 Lincomycin, 104, 122 Lincosamides, 104, 105–106, 122 adverse effects, 104 care considerations, 105–106 contraindications and cautions, 104 pharmacokinetics, 104 therapeutic actions and indications, 104 Linezolid, 91, 121 antihyperlipidemic agents, 729, 730 bile acid sequestrants, 729, 735, 737, 739–740 adverse effects, 737 care considerations, 739–740 contraindications and cautions, 737 drug–drug interactions, 737 pharmacokinetics, 737 therapeutic actions and indications, 735–737 children, 736 cholesterol absorption inhibitors, 729, 738, 743–745 adverse effects, 744 care considerations, 744–745 contraindications and cautions, 743 drug–drug interactions, 744 pharmacokinetics, 743 therapeutic actions and indications, 743 combination therapy, 740, 746 coronary artery disease, 730–731 fat and biotransformation (metabolism), 731–735 Liothyronine, 551, 553, 556, 557 Lipid-lowering agents, 729–747 adults, 736

contraindications and cautions, 741 drug–drug interactions, 741 hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA), 729, 733 pharmacokinetics, 741 therapeutic actions and indication, 740 older adults, 736 peroxisome proliferator receptor alpha activator, 745–746

children, 866 inflammation, drugs affecting, 875–881 leukotriene receptor antagonists, 864, 877, 878–880 mast cell stabilisers, 864, 865, 877, 880–881 steroids. See Steroids lung surfactants, 881–882 adverse effects, 882 care considerations, 882 contraindications and cautions, 881 pharmacokinetics, 881 therapeutic actions and indications, 881 older adults, 866 LSD, 67 L-thyroxine, 551, 553, 554 Lubricant laxatives, 916, 920–921 adverse effects, 921 contraindications and cautions, 920–921 drug–drug interactions, 921 pharmacokinetics, 920 therapeutic actions and indications, 920 Lung surfactants, 881–882 adverse effects, 882 care considerations, 882 contraindications and cautions, 881 pharmacokinetics, 881 therapeutic actions and indications, 881 Lutropin alfa, 617, 618 Lycium chinense , 964 Lymphocytes, 228, 230 Lymphoid tissues, 231 Lysosomes, 72, 75 M Ma huang, 966 McKenna’s Drug Handbook for Nursing and Midwifery , 3, 12 Macrolides, 91, 103–104, 105–106, 122 adverse effects, 104 drug–drug interactions, 104 drug–food interactions, 104 pharmacokinetics, 103 therapeutic actions and indications, 103 Macrophages, 228 Magnesium salts, 900, 904–905 Major histocompatibility complex, 228, 229–230 care considerations, 105–106 contraindications and cautions, 103–104 drugs to treat. See Antimalarials life cycle of Plasmodium , 165–166 Male reproductive system. See Reproductive system, male, drugs affecting Malignant hyperthermia, 432, 434, 435, 438 Mandrake root, 966 Mania, 334, 335 Mannitol, 803, 806, 814 Major tranquilliser, 334 Malaria, 163, 164–166 antibiotics, 168

vitamin B, 729, 738, 745 Lipoproteins, 72, 73–74 high-density (HDLs), 729, 732 levels, variation in, 731 low-density (LDLs), 729, 732 Liquid paraffin, 916, 920–921

Liraglutide, 586, 588, 589 Lisinopril, 662, 664, 668 Lithium, 334, 335, 340, 344, 345–346 Liver disease, 767 injury (hepatoxicity), 36 dantrolene, 392 Loading dose, 15, 20 Local anaesthesia, 416, 424–428 agents, 425–428 adverse effects, 426–427 care considerations, 427–428 contraindications and cautions, 426 drug–drug interactions, 427 pharmacokinetics, 426 therapeutic actions and indications, 426 critical thinking exercise, 428–429 field block, 424 infiltration, 424 intravenous regional local anaesthesia, 425 mechanisms of action, 426 nerve block, 424–425 topical administration, 424 Lodoxamide, 957 Lomustine, 195, 197 Loop diuretics, 803, 805, 809–811 adverse effects, 810–811 contraindications and cautions, 810 drug–drug interactions, 811 pharmacokinetics, 810 therapeutic actions and indications, 809–810 Loperamide, 916, 923–924 Lopinavir, 136, 139 Loratadine, 854 Lorazepam, 200, 305, 306, 354 Losartan, 657, 665, 669–670 Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), 729, 732 Low-molecular-weight heparins, 751, 757, 766 Lower respiratory tract, 834, 835, 865 conditions, 838–840, 865 Lower respiratory tract, drugs acting on, 864–883 adults, 866 bronchodilators/antiasthmatics. See Bronchodilators/antiasthmatics

cholesterol, 732–733 hyperlipidaemias, 733 lipoproteins, 732 fenofibric acid, 745

fibrates, 729, 738, 745 future therapies, 746 HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, 737–738, 740–743 adverse effects, 741 care considerations, 741–742