McKenna's Pharmacology for Nursing, 2e

969

Index

drug–drug interactions, 543 pharmacokinetics, 540, 543 routes of administration, 544 therapeutic actions and indications, 540 mineralocorticoids, 536, 542–543, 547–548 adverse effects, 547 care considerations, 548 contraindications and cautions, 547 drug–drug interactions, 547 duration of effect, 539 pharmacokinetics, 547 therapeutic actions and indications, 547 Adventitia layer, 890 Adverse effects, 2, 3, 31–33 managing, 46 Adverse reactions, 86–87 gastrointestinal toxicity, 87 hypersensitivity reactions, 87 kidney damage, 86 neurotoxicity, 87 superinfections, 81, 87 Aerobic bacteria, 90, 91 Affect, 316, 317 Afferent fibres, 292, 293 African sleeping sickness, 163, 172 Age, 45 drug effects, 25, 26 Agomelatine, 330, 331 Agonists, 15, 17 AIDS. See HIV and AIDS Albendazole, 183, 185, 186 Aldesleukin, 258, 261, 262 Aldosterone, 794, 797 Alemtuzumab, 266 Alendronate, 552, 566, 567–568 Alfalfa, 962 Alfentanil, 401, 402 Alfuzosin, 475–476, 828, 829 Alkalosis, 803, 810 Alkylating agents, 190, 195–199 adverse effects, 197–198 care considerations, 198–199 contraindications and cautions, 195, 197 drug–drug interactions, 198 pharmacokinetics, 195 protective drugs, 198 therapeutic actions and indications, 195 Allergenic extracts, 274 Allergies, 33 delayed reaction, 33, 34 history, 44 Allspice, 962 Aloe leaves, 962 Alogliptin, 586, 588 Alopecia 184, 198 Alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonists, 455, 456–460 adverse effects, 459 care considerations, 459–460 contraindications and cautions, 459 drug–drug interactions, 459 pharmacokinetics, 458

subdivision of receptors, 456–457 therapeutic actions and indications, 457–458 Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, 573, 586, 588 Alpha-receptors, 444, 448 subdivision, 456–457 Alpha-specific adrenergic agonists, 462–465, 677–678 adverse effects, 463, 677 care considerations, 464–465, 677–678 contraindications and cautions, 463, 677 drug–drug interactions, 463, 677 pharmacokinetics, 463, 677 therapeutic actions and indications, 462–463, 677 Alpha 1 -selective blocking agents, 469, 475–477 adverse effects, 476 care considerations, 476–477 contraindications and cautions, 476 drug–drug interactions, 476 pharmacokinetics, 476 therapeutic actions and indications, 476 Alprazolam, 200, 305, 306 Alprostadil, 635, 636 Alteplase, 757, 764 Alternative and complementary therapies, 60, 962–967 adrenergic blocking agents, 471 antidepressants and, 328 antidiabetic, 582 antifungal agents and, 154 male reproductive system, 632 psychotherapeutic agents, 346 Aluminium therapeutic effect, 5 Aluminium acetate, 950 Aluminium hydroxide, 900, 904–905 Aluminium salts, 900, 904–905 Alveoli, 834, 835 Alzheimer’s disease, 487, 493 agents for, 487, 492–496 cultural considerations, 493 new drug, development of, 494 Amantadine, 130, 374–376 Amethocaine, 425, 426 Amides, 425 Amifostine, 197, 198 Amikacin, 95 Amiloride, 675, 806, 813 Aminocaproic acid, 769, 770 Aminoglycosides, 90, 95–97 adverse effects, 96 care considerations, 96–97 contraindications and cautions, 95–96 drug–drug interactions, 96 pharmacokinetics, 95 therapeutic actions and indications, 95 antiseizure agents, 358 antiviral drugs and, 128 benign prostatic hyperplasia, 828 cancer and, 205 female reproductive system, 613 herbal medicine, 63–64

Aminophylline, 864, 867–869 Amiodarone, 470, 472, 696, 703, 706 Amisulpride, 336, 338 Amitriptyline, 317, 319 Amlodipine, 665, 671, 716, 724 Amnesia, 416, 417 Amoebiasis, 163, 170–171 Amoxycillin, 91, 108, 109, 110 clavulanic acid (Augmentin) , and, 93 Amphetamines, 67 Amphotericin B, 152, 155 Ampicillin, 108, 109 Amyl nitrate, 67, 720 Anabolic steroids, 67 male reproductive system and, 627, 631–634 adverse effects, 631–632, 633–634 care considerations, 632–633 contraindications and cautions, 631 drug–drug interactions, 632 pharmacokinetics, 631 therapeutic actions and indications, 631 Anaemia, 774, 775–777 adults, 779 aetiology, 775–776 children, 779 drugs used to treat, 774–790 erythropoiesis-stimulating agents. See Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents iron-deficiency. See Iron-deficiency anaemia megaloblastic. See Megaloblastic anaemias older adults, 779 sickle cell, 777, 789–790 Anaerobic bacteria, 90, 92 Anaesthetic agents, 416–429 adults, 417 anaesthetic, definition, 416 balanced anaesthesia, 416, 418 children, 417 general anaesthesia, 416, 417–419 administration, 418–419 balanced, 418 risk factors, 417–418 general anaesthetic agents, 419–424 anaesthetic gases, 420, 421–422 barbiturate anaesthetics, 419–420 volatile liquids, 420, 422–423 local anaesthesia, 416, 424–428 critical thinking exercise, 428–429 field block, 424 infiltration, 424 intravenous regional local anaesthesia, 425 mechanisms of action, 426 nerve block, 424–425 topical administration, 424 local anaesthetic agents, 425–428 adverse effects, 426–427 care considerations, 427–428 contraindications and cautions, 426 care considerations, 423–424 non-barbiturate anaesthetics, 420–421