McKenna's Pharmacology for Nursing, 2e

958

A P P E N D I X D  Ophthalmic agents

■■ TABLE D Ophthalmic agents (continued) Drug Usage

Special considerations

naphazoline hydrochloride (Albalon, Murine Clear I, Naphcon Forte) olopatadine hydrochloride (Patanol) phenylephrine hydrochloride (Albalon Relief, Isopto Frin) phenylephrine hydrochloride with prednisolone acetate (Prednefrin Forte) pilocarpine (Isopto Carpine)

Use as topical vasoconstrictor

1–2 drops up to q.i.d.

Mast cell stabiliser and antihistamine; provides fast onset of relief of itching due to conjunctivitis and has prolonged action Management of minor eye irritation in the absence of infection

Not for use with contact lenses; headache is a common side effect

1–2 drops to affected eye t.d.s.

Treatment of non-infectious eye inflammation

Initially two drops hourly, then 1–2 drops b.d.– q.i.d.; apply pressure to tear duct after administration Can be stored at room temperature for up to 8 weeks, then discard; may use 1–2 drops up to six times per day, based on individual response 1–2 drops into affected eye(s) t.d.s. or q.i.d. up to 1 week

Chronic and acute glaucoma; treatment of mydriasis caused by drugs; direct-acting mitotic

propamidine isethionate (Brolene) proxymetacaine hydrochloride (Alcaine) sulfacetamide (Bleph-10)

Treatment of mild conjunctivitis

Eye anaesthesia

1–2 drops as needed

Treatment of conjunctivitis and other superficial eye infection Treatment of elevated IOP in ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma Treatment of external eye infections Reduction of intraocular pressure in individuals with open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension

1–2 drops in affected eye(s) b.d. or t.d.s.

timolol (Nyogel, Tenopt)

One drop in affected eye(s) each day in the morning

tobramycin (Tobrex)

1–2 drops q.i.d. or 1–1.5 cm ointment b.d. or t.d.s. Reserve for individuals who are intolerant of other IOP-lowering medications or who have failed to achieve optimum IOP with other IOP-lowering medications One to two drops, repeat in 5 minutes; may repeat in 30 minutes for prolonged effects

travoprost (DuoTrav, Travatan)

tropicamide (Mydriacyl)

Mydriatic and cyclopegic for refraction