McKenna's Pharmacology for Nursing, 2e

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A P P E N D I X B  Parenteral agents

■■ TABLE B Parenterals (continued) Component Purpose

Availability

Special considerations

Typical peripheral parenteral nutrition solution a,b,c

8.5% Amino acids

Provides 41 g protein for growth and healing Provides 1360 kilojoules for energy

500 mL

Monitor blood pressure, cardiac output, blood chemistries, urine to determine effect of intravascular protein pull Monitor blood sugar; evaluate injection site for any sign of infection or irritation Monitor cardiac rhythm, serum electrolytes

20% Dextrose

500 mL

Sodium chloride Provides sodium and chloride needed for various chemical

40 mEq

reactions within the body Provides essential calcium for muscle contraction, blood clotting, numerous chemical reactions Provides magnesium for various chemical reactions within the body Provides needed potassium for nerve functioning, muscle function contractions, etc. Provide a combination of essential vitamins to maintain cell integrity, promote healing, etc. Provide small amounts of elements essential for numerous chemical reactions in the body and maintenance of cell integrity and healing

Calcium

4.8 mEq

Monitor cardiac rhythm, muscle strength, serum electrolytes

gluconate

Magnesium sulphate

8 mEq

Monitor blood pressure, deep tendon reflexes and serum electrolytes Monitor pulse, including rhythm, muscle function and serum electrolytes

Potassium

9 mmol

phosphate

Multivitamins

10 mL

Monitor for signs of vitamin deficiency or toxicity

Trace elements

Periodically monitor blood chemistries to determine adequacy of replacement

Zinc

3 mg

Copper

1.2 mg 0.3 mg 12 mcg 12 mcg

Manganese Chromium

Selenium

a Multiple combination preparations are available commercially. Each preparation varies in the concentration of one or more components and should be checked carefully before hanging. b Actual concentration of solution and components of any particular solution will be determined by the assessment of the person’s current status and nutritional needs. c Solutions used for peripheral therapy are usually less concentrated and less irritating to the vessel.