McKenna's Pharmacology for Nursing, 2e

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C H A P T E R 5 6 Introduction to the gastrointestinal system

C H E C K Y O U R U N D E R S T A N D I N G

6. The basic type of movement that occurs in the small intestine is: a. peristalsis. b. mass movement. c. churning. d. segmentation. 7. Most of the nutrients absorbed from the GI tract pass immediately into the portal venous system and are processed by the liver. This is possible because

Answers to the questions in this chapter can be found in Appendix A at the back of this book.

MULTIPLE CHOICE Select the best response to the following. 1. After teaching a group of students about GI activity and constipation, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students state which of the following about constipation? a. It results from increased peristaltic activity in the intestinal tract. b. It occurs primarily when one does not have a daily bowel movement. c. It leads to decreased salt and water absorption from the large intestine. d. It can be artificially induced by increasing the volume of the large intestine. 2. In explaining the importance of the pancreas to a nursing or midwifery student, the instructor would explain that the pancreas: a. is primarily an endocrine gland. b. secretes enzymes in response to an increased plasma glucose concentration. c. neutralises the hydrochloric acid secreted by the stomach. d. produces bile. 3. Gastrin: a. stimulates acid secretion in the stomach. b. secretion is blocked by the products of protein digestion in the stomach. c. secretion is stimulated by acid in the duodenum. d. is responsible for the chemical or gastric phase of intestinal secretion. 4. When explaining the control of the activities of the GI tract—movement and secretion—it would be most accurate to state that the GI is basically controlled by: a. the sympathetic nervous system. b. the parasympathetic nervous system. c. local nerve reflexes of the GI nerve plexus. d. the medulla in the brain stem. 5. The presence of fat in the duodenum causes: a. acid indigestion.

almost all absorption occurs through: a. the lower section of the stomach. b. the top section of the large intestine. c. the small intestine. d. the ileum.

MULTIPLE RESPONSE Select all that apply. 1. The chemoreceptor trigger zone in the brain is activated by which of the following?

a. stretch of the uterus b. stretch of the bladder c. decreased GI activity

d. radiation e. cell death f. extreme pain 2. Acid production in the stomach is stimulated by b. calcium products in the stomach c. high levels of acid in the stomach d. alcohol in the stomach e. low levels of acid in the stomach f. histamine-2 stimulation 3. When describing the action of pancreatic digestive enzymes in breaking down substances, which substances would the instructor include? a. gastric acid b. fats c. proteins d. sugars e. bile f. lipids which of the following? a. protein in the stomach

b. decreased acid production. c. increased gastrin release. d. contraction of the gallbladder.