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P A R T 1 0  Drugs acting on the respiratory system

BIBLIOGRAPHY Abramson, M., Glasgow, N. & McDonald, C. (2007). Managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Australian Prescriber, 30, 64–67. Bostock-Cox, B. (2013). Managing asthma in the community: A guide for nursing staff. British Journal of Community Nursing, 18(3) , 125–127. Dandan, R. (2012). Indacaterol: A Once-Daily Ultra-Long Acting β 2 Agonist for the Treatment of COPD. Access Medicine from McGraw Hill. www.medscape.com/viewarticle/770762. Dhand, R., Dolovich, M., Chipps, B., Myer, T. R., Restrepo, R. & Farrar, J. R. (2012). The role of nebulized therapy in the management of COPD: Evidence and recommendations. COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 9(1) , 58–72. Farrell, M. & Dempsey, J. (2014). Smeltzer & Bare’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (3rd edn). Sydney: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Goodman, L. S., Brunton, L. L., Chabner, B. & Knollmann, B. C. (2011). Goodman and Gilman’s Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (12th edn). New York: McGraw-Hill. Jenkins, C. (2006). Starting steroids for asthma. Australian Prescriber , 29, 63–66. Lim, A., Hussainy, S. Y. & Abramson, M. J. (2013). Asthma drugs in pregnancy and lactation. Australian Prescriber, 36(5) , 150–153. McKenna, L. (2012). Pharmacology Made Incredibly Easy (1st Australian and New Zealand edn). Sydney: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

McKenna, L. & Mirkov, S. (2014). McKenna’s Drug Handbook for Nursing and Midwifery (7th edn). Sydney: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. National Asthma Council Australia. (2006). Asthma Management Handbook 2006 . Melbourne: National Asthma Council Australia. Porth, C. M. (2011). Essentials of Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States (3rd edn). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Porth, C. M. (2009). Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States (8th edn). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Reddel, H. (2012). Rational prescribing for ongoing management of asthma in adults. Australian Prescriber, 35(2), 43–46. Sin, D. D., Man, J., Sharpe, H., Gan, W. Q. & Man, S. F. (2004). Pharmacological management to reduce exacerbations in adults with asthma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA, 293 , 367–376. Sutherland, R. E. & Cherniak, R. M. (2004). Management of COPD. New England Journal of Medicine, 350 , 2689–2697. Van Asperen, P. (2012). Long-acting beta2 agonists for childhood asthma. Australian Prescriber, 35(4) , 111–113. Worsnop, C. (2005). Combination inhalers for asthma. Australian Prescriber , 28 , 26–28.

C H E C K Y O U R U N D E R S T A N D I N G

3. A person has been maintained on theophylline for many years and has recently taken up smoking. The theophylline levels in this person would be expected to: a. rise, because nicotine prevents the breakdown of theophylline. b. stay the same, because smoking has no effect on theophylline. c. fall, because the nicotine stimulates liver metabolism of theophylline. d. rapidly reach toxic levels. 4. A person with hypertension and known heart disease has frequent bronchospasms and asthma attacks that are most responsive to sympathomimetic drugs. This person might be best treated with: a. an inhaled sympathomimetic to decrease systemic effects. b. a xanthine. c. no sympathomimetics because they would be contraindicated. d. an anticholinergic.

Answers to the questions in this chapter can be found in Appendix A at the back of this book.

MULTIPLE CHOICE Select the best answer to the following. 1. Treatment of obstructive pulmonary disorders is aimed at: a. opening the conducting airways or decreasing the effects of inflammation. b. blocking the autonomic reflexes that alter respirations. c. blocking the effects of the immune and inflammatory systems. d. altering the respiratory membrane to increase the flow of oxygen and carbon dioxide. 2. The xanthines:

a. block the sympathetic nervous system. b. stimulate the sympathetic nervous system. c. directly affect the smooth muscles of the respiratory tract. d. act in the CNS to cause bronchodilation.