McKenna's Pharmacology for Nursing, 2e

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C H A P T E R 5 1 Diuretic agents

TABLE 51.1

DRUGS IN FOCUS Diuretics

Drug name

Dosage/route

Usual indications

Thiazide diuretics Thiazide diuretics bendrofluazide (Neo-Naclex)

2.5–5 mg/day PO for oedema; 2.5–15 mg/day PO for hypertension

Treatment of oedema caused by heart failure (HF), liver disease or renal disease; monotherapy or as adjunctive treatment of hypertension Treatment of oedema caused by HF, liver disease or renal disease; monotherapy or as adjunctive treatment of hypertension

Adult: 25–100 mg/day PO or intermittently, up to 200 mg/day maximum for oedema; 25–100 mg/day PO for hypertension Paediatric (<6 months): up to 3.3 mg/kg per

hydrochlorothiazide (Dithiazide)

day PO in two divided doses Paediatric (6 months–2 years):

12.5–37.5 mg/day PO in two divided doses Paediatric (2–12 years): 37.6–100 mg/day PO in two divided doses

Thiazide-like diuretics chlorthalidone (Hygroton)

Adults: 12.5–50 mg/day PO

Treatment of oedema caused by HF or by liver or renal disease; adjunctive treatment of hypertension Treatment of oedema caused by HF or by liver or renal disease; adjunctive treatment of hypertension Treatment of acute HF; acute pulmonary oedema; hypertension; and oedema of HF, renal disease or liver disease Treatment of acute HF; acute pulmonary oedema; hypertension; and oedema of HF, renal disease or liver disease Treatment of acute HF; acute pulmonary oedema; hypertension; and oedema of HF, renal disease or liver disease

indapamide (Insig, Natrilix)

2.5 mg PO mané

Loop diuretics bumetanide (Burinex)

1 mg/day PO up to maximum daily dose of 10 mg

ethacrynic acid (Edecrin)

Adult: 50 mg/day PO mané, up to maximum 400 mg/day PO

20–80 mg/day PO, up to 600 mg/day may be given; 20–40 mg IM or IV given slowly; 40 mg IV over 1–2 minutes for acute pulmonary oedema, increase to 80 mg after 1 hour if response is not adequate; 40 mg PO b.d. for hypertension Geriatric or renal-impaired person: 2–2.5 g/day PO Paediatric: 2 mg/kg per day PO for hypertension, not to exceed 6 mg/kg per day; 1 mg/kg IV or IM for oedema, increased by 1 mg/kg as needed; not to exceed 6 mg/kg 500 mg IV repeated in 2–4 hours, then 250 mg–1 g/day in divided doses q 6–8 hours for glaucoma; 8–30 mg/kg per day in divided doses for epilepsy 250 mg–1 g/day PO given in divided doses four time per day or once or twice a day if using sustained-release formulation

frusemide (Lasix, Urex)

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors acetazolamide (Diamox)

Treatment of glaucoma; adjunctive treatment of epilepsy, mountain sickness

brinzolamide (Azopt)

1 gutte in affected eye b.d.

Treatment of ocular hypertension, open- angle glaucoma

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