McKenna's Pharmacology for Nursing, 2e

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P A R T 9  Drugs acting on the renal system

7. Women tend to have more problems with bladder infections than men because: a. women have E. coli in the urinary tract. b. women have a short urethra, making access to the bladder easier for bacteria. c. the prostate gland secretes a substance that protects men from bladder infections. d. women’s urine is more acidotic, encouraging the growth of bladder bacteria. MULTIPLE RESPONSE Select all that apply. 1. Considering the metabolic functions of the kidneys, renal failure would be expected to cause which of the following? a. anaemia

2. During severe diarrhoea, there is a loss of water, bicarbonate and sodium from the gastrointestinal tract. Physiological compensation for this would probably include which of the following? a. increased alveolar ventilation b. decreased hydrogen ion secretion by the renal tubules c. decreased urinary excretion of sodium and water d. increased renin secretion e. increased hydrogen ion secretion by the renal tubules f. increased ADH levels 3. Maintenance of blood pressure is important in maintaining the fragile nephrons. Reflex systems that work to ensure blood flow to the kidneys include: a. the renin–angiotensin system causing vasoconstriction. b. baroreceptor monitoring of the renal artery. c. aldosterone release secondary to angiotensin stimulation. d. ADH release in response to decreased blood volume with increased osmolarity. e. release of erythropoietin. f. local response of the afferent arterioles.

b. loss of calcium regulation c. urea buildup on the skin

d. respiratory alkalosis e. metabolic acidosis f. changes in the function of blood cells