McKenna's Pharmacology for Nursing, 2e

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C H A P T E R 3 6 Adrenocortical agents

Chakera, A. J. & Valdya, B. (2010). Addison disease in adults: Diagnosis and management. American Journal of Medicine , 123(5) , 409–413. Crawford, A. & Harris, H. (2012). Adrenal cortex disorders: Hormones out of kilter. Nursing , 42(10) , 32–39. Farrell, M. & Dempsey, J. (2014). Smeltzer & Bare’s Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (3rd edn). Sydney: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Goodman, L. S., Brunton, L. L., Chabner, B. & Knollmann, B. C. (2011). Goodman and Gilman’s Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (12th edn). New York: McGraw-Hill. Guyton, A. & Hall, J. (2011). Textbook of Medical Physiology (12th edn) . Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier. Jenkins, C. (2006). Starting steroids for asthma. Australian Prescriber , 29 , 63–66. Lim, A., Hussainy, S. Y. & Abramson, M. J. (2013). Asthma drugs in pregnancy and lactation. Australian Prescriber , 36(5) , 150–153. McKenna, L. (2012). Pharmacology Made Incredibly Easy (1st Australian and New Zealand edn). Sydney: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. McKenna, L. & Mirkov, S. (2014). McKenna’s Drug Handbook for Nursing and Midwifery (7th edn). Sydney: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Porth, C. M. (2011). Essentials of Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States (3rd edn). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Porth, C. M. (2009). Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States (8th edn). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Prague, J. K., May, S. & Cameron Whitelaw, B. (2013). Cushing’s syndrome. British Medical Journal , 346(7901) , 33–35. Rhen, T. & Cidlowski, J. A. (2005). Antiinflammatory actions of glucocorticoids. New England Journal of Medicine , 353 , 1711–1723. 3. Glucocorticoids are hormones that: a. are released in response to high glucose levels. b. help to regulate electrolyte levels. c. help to regulate water balance in the body. d. promote the preservation of energy through increased glucose levels, protein breakdown and fat formation. 4. Diurnal rhythm in a person with a regular sleep cycle would show: a. high levels of ACTH during the night while sleeping. b. rising levels of corticosteroids throughout the day. c. peak levels of ACTH and corticosteroids early in the morning. d. hypothalamic stimulation to release CRH around noon.

ONLINE RESOURCES

An extensive range of additional resources to enhance teaching and learning and to facilitate understanding of this chapter may be found online at the text’s accompanying website, located on thePoint at http://thepoint.lww.com. These include Watch and Learn videos, Concepts in Action animations, journal articles, review questions, case studies, discussion topics and quizzes.

WEB LINKS

Healthcare providers and students may want to consult the following Internet sources: www.arthritisaustralia.com.au Information on rheumatoid and inflammatory diseases. www.arthritis.org.nz Information on arthritis—treatment, processes and support.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bennett, S. (2008). Corticosteroids: Uses and prescribing rationale. Nurse Prescribing , 6(6) , 259–265. Carlos, G., Uribe, P. & Fernandez-Penas, P. (2013). Rational use of topical corticosteroids. Australian Prescriber , 36(5) , 159–161.

C H E C K Y O U R U N D E R S T A N D I N G

Answers to the questions in this chapter can be found in Appendix A at the back of this book.

MULTIPLE CHOICE Select the best answer to the following. 1. Adrenocortical agents are widely used: a. to cure chronic inflammatory disorders.

b. for short-term treatment to relieve inflammation. c. for long-term treatment of chronic disorders. d. to relieve minor aches and pains and to make people feel better. 2. If a healthcare professional was asked to explain the adrenal medulla to a person, it would be appropriate for her to tell that person that it: a. is the outer core of the adrenal gland. b. is the site of production of aldosterone and corticosteroids. c. is actually a neural ganglion of the sympathetic nervous system. d. consists of three layers of cells that produce different hormones.