McKenna's Pharmacology for Nursing, 2e

350

P A R T 4  Drugs acting on the central and peripheral nervous systems

CHAPTER SUMMARY ■■ Schizophrenia, the most common psychosis, is characterised by delusions, hallucinations and inappropriate responses to stimuli. ■■ Mania is a state of hyperexcitability, one pole of bipolar disorder. ■■ An attention-deficit disorder is a behavioural syndrome characterised by hyperactivity and a short attention span. ■■ Narcolepsy is a disorder characterised by daytime sleepiness and sudden loss of wakefulness. ■■ Lithium, a membrane stabiliser, is the standard antimanic drug. Because it is a very toxic salt, serum levels must be carefully monitored to prevent severe toxicity. Many other CNS drugs are now approved for use in bipolar disorder. ■■ CNS stimulants, which stimulate cortical levels and the RAS to increase RAS activity, are used to treat attention-deficit disorders and narcolepsy. These drugs improve concentration and the ability to filter and focus incoming stimuli. Knowing your strengths and weaknesses helps you to study more effectively. Take a PrepU Practice Quiz to find out how you measure up! ONLINE RESOURCES An extensive range of additional resources to enhance teaching and learning and to facilitate understanding of this chapter may be found online at the text’s accompanying website, located on thePoint at http://thepoint.lww.com. These include Watch and Learn videos, Concepts in Action animations, journal articles, review questions, case studies, discussion topics and quizzes. Healthcare providers and students may want to consult the following Internet sources: www.aihw.gov.au/mental-health Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, National Health Priority Area—Mental Health. www.mentalhealth.gov.au/internet/mentalhealth /publishing.nsf/Content/doha-pol-national-mental- hlth-strat-1 Australian Government National Mental Health Strategy. WEB LINKS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

American Psychiatric Association, (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th edn). www.dsm5.org. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW). (2013). Mental health, www.aihw.gov.au/mental-health. Blake, T. (2012). Three medication pathways for bipolar disorder. Nursing, 42(5) , 28–35. Caplan, G. (2011). Managing delirium in older patients. Australian Prescriber, 34, 16–18. Fulde, G. (2011). Managing aggressive and violent patients. Australian Prescriber, 34, 115–118. Goodman, L. S., Brunton, L. L., Chabner, B. & Knollmann, B. C. (2011). Goodman and Gilman’s Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (12th edn). New York: McGraw-Hill. Hazell, P. (2005). Prescribing psychotropic medication to children in general practice. Australian Prescriber, 28 , 116–118. Kennedy, D. (2007). Antipsychotic drugs in pregnancy and breastfeeding. Australian Prescriber, 30, 162–163. Lambert, T. (2011). Managing the metabolic adverse effects of antipsychotic drugs in patients with psychosis. Australian Prescriber, 34, 97–99. McKenna, L. (2012). Pharmacology Made Incredibly Easy (1st Australian and New Zealand edn). Sydney: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. McKenna, L. & Mirkov, S. (2014). McKenna’s Drug Handbook for Nursing & Midwifery (7th edn). Sydney: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Nguyen, L. (2008). Lithium I: The basics. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 34(3) , 268–269. Porth, C. M. (2011). Essentials of Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States (3rd edn). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Porth, C. M. (2009). Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States (8th edn). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Vance, A. (2008). A current treatment approach for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Australian Prescriber, 31, 129–132.