McKenna's Pharmacology for Nursing, 2e

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P A R T 4  Drugs acting on the central and peripheral nervous systems

BIBLIOGRAPHY

■■ Barbiturates are an older class of drugs used as anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics. Because they are associated with potentially serious adverse effects and interact with many other drugs, they are less desirable than the benzodiazepines or other anxiolytics. ■■ Buspirone, a newer anxiolytic drug, does not cause sedation or muscle relaxation. Because of the absence of CNS effects, it is much preferred in certain circumstances (e.g. when a person must drive, go to work or maintain alertness). ■■ Newer hypnotic agents act in the RAS to affect serotonin levels (zolpidem—not available in New Zealand). Knowing your strengths and weaknesses helps you to study more effectively. Take a PrepU Practice Quiz to find out how you measure up! ONLINE RESOURCES An extensive range of additional resources to enhance teaching and learning and to facilitate understanding of this chapter may be found online at the text’s accompanying website, located on thePoint at http://thepoint.lww.com. These include Watch and Learn videos, Concepts in Action animations, journal articles, review questions, case studies, discussion topics and quizzes.

Goodman, L. S., Brunton, L. L., Chabner, B. & Knollmann, B. C. (2011). Goodman and Gilman’s Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (12th edn). New York: McGraw-Hill. Kyrios, M., Mouding, R. & Nedeljkovic, M. (2011). Anxiety disorders – Assessment and management in general practice . Australian Family Physician, 40 , 370–374. Lampe, L. (2013). Drug treatment for anxiety. Australian Prescriber, 36, 186–189. McKenna, L. (2012). Pharmacology Made Incredibly Easy (1st Australian and New Zealand edn). Sydney: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. McKenna, L. & Mirkov, S. (2014). McKenna’s Drug Handbook for Nursing and Midwifery (7th edn). Sydney: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. O’Brien, P. G. & Fleming, L. (2012). Recognizing anxiety disorders. Nurse Practitioner, 37(10) , 35–42. Olson, L. G. (2008). Hypnotic hazards: Adverse effects of zolpidem and other z-drugs. Australian Prescriber, 31, 146–149. Parcells, D. A. (2010). Women’s mental health nursing: Depression, anxiety and stress during pregnancy. Journal of Psychiatric & Mental Health Nursing, 17 , 813–820. Porth, C. M. (2011). Essentials of Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States (3rd edn). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Porth, C. M. (2009). Pathophysiology: Concepts of Altered Health States (8th edn). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Rang, H. P., Dale, M. M., Ritter, J. M., Flower, R. J. & Henderson, G. (2011). Rang & Dale’s Pharmacology (7th edn). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.

WEB LINKS

Healthcare providers and students may want to consult the following Internet sources: www.beyondblue.org.au Home page of Beyond Blue

C H E C K Y O U R U N D E R S T A N D I N G

2. The benzodiazepines are the most frequently used anxiolytic drugs because: a. they are anxiolytic at doses much lower than those needed for sedation or hypnosis. b. they can also be stimulating. c. they are more likely to cause physical dependence than older anxiolytic drugs. d. they do not affect any neurotransmitters.

Answers to the questions in this chapter can be found in Appendix A at the back of this book.

MULTIPLE CHOICE Select the best answer to the following. 1. Drugs that are used to alter a person’s response to the environment are called:

a. hypnotics. b. sedatives. c. antiepileptics. d. anxiolytics.