McKenna's Pharmacology for Nursing, 2e

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C H A P T E R 1 0  Antiviral agents

Cilia with microtubules

Golgi apparatus Virus

Influenza A/ respiratory virus agents

Cell membrane

Peroxisomes Lysosomes

Centrioles

Virus particles

Polyribosomes

Nucleus: Nuclear membrane Nuclear pore Nucleolus

Herpes virus agents

Microtubules

Hepatitis B agents

FIGURE 10.2  Agents for treating influenza A and respiratory viruses prevent shedding of the protein coat and entry of virus into the cell. Herpes virus agents alter viral DNA production. Anti–hepatitis B agents block DNA formation, preventing the formation of new viruses.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Mitochondria

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

CCR5 coreceptor antagonist works here

Reverse transcriptase

Fusion inhibitors work here

1

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors work here

2

GP120

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors work here

3

4

FIGURE 10.3  Agents that attempt to control HIV and AIDS work in the following ways: interference with HIV replication by blocking synthesis of viral DNA (non- nucleoside and nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors); blockage of protease within the virus, leading to immature, non- infective virus particles (protease inhibitors); prevention of virus from fusing with the cellular membrane, thereby preventing the HIV-1 virus from entering the cell (fusion inhibitors); blockage of HIV virus reaction with the receptor site that would allow it to enter the cell (CCR5 coreceptor antagonists); and prevention of necessary encoded enzyme action for viral reproduction (integrase inhibitors).

Integrase inhibitors work here

6

CD4 + binding site

5

Protease inhibitors work here

7

Viral polyprotein

8